Mali vs Pakistan
vs
Mali vs Pakistan — R&D Spending
| Year | Mali | Pakistan |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | - | 0.14% |
| 2023 | - | 0.16% |
| 2021 | 0.17% | 0.16% |
| 2019 | 0.16% | 0.17% |
| 2017 | 0.29% | 0.21% |
| 2015 | 0.31% | 0.22% |
| 2013 | - | 0.26% |
| 2011 | - | 0.30% |
| 2010 | 0.58% | - |
| 2009 | - | 0.40% |
| 2007 | 0.22% | 0.52% |
| 2005 | - | 0.33% |
| 2002 | - | 0.16% |
| 2001 | - | 0.12% |
| 2000 | - | 0.10% |
| 1999 | - | 0.12% |
| 1998 | - | 0.11% |
| 1997 | - | 0.16% |