Panama vs Turkmenistan
vs
In 2025, Panama's r&d spending was 0.17% compared to 0.17% in Turkmenistan. Panama was higher by 0.01%.
Panama vs Turkmenistan — R&D Spending
| Year | Panama | Turkmenistan |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.17% | 0.17% |
| 2023 | 0.16% | - |
| 2022 | 0.18% | 0.14% |
| 2021 | 0.18% | 0.10% |
| 2020 | 0.23% | 0.13% |
| 2019 | 0.14% | 0.11% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | 0.08% |
| 2017 | 0.14% | 0.09% |
| 2016 | 0.13% | 0.16% |
| 2015 | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| 2014 | 0.12% | - |
| 2013 | 0.06% | - |
| 2012 | 0.08% | - |
| 2011 | 0.17% | - |
| 2010 | 0.14% | - |
| 2009 | 0.13% | - |
| 2008 | 0.19% | - |
| 2007 | 0.18% | - |
| 2006 | 0.24% | - |
| 2005 | 0.23% | - |