Turkmenistan vs Panama
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In 2025, Turkmenistan's r&d spending was 0.17% compared to 0.17% in Panama. Panama was higher by 0.01%.
Turkmenistan vs Panama — R&D Spending
| Year | Turkmenistan | Panama |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.17% | 0.17% |
| 2023 | - | 0.16% |
| 2022 | 0.14% | 0.18% |
| 2021 | 0.10% | 0.18% |
| 2020 | 0.13% | 0.23% |
| 2019 | 0.11% | 0.14% |
| 2018 | 0.08% | 0.13% |
| 2017 | 0.09% | 0.14% |
| 2016 | 0.16% | 0.13% |
| 2015 | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| 2014 | - | 0.12% |
| 2013 | - | 0.06% |
| 2012 | - | 0.08% |
| 2011 | - | 0.17% |
| 2010 | - | 0.14% |
| 2009 | - | 0.13% |
| 2008 | - | 0.19% |
| 2007 | - | 0.18% |
| 2006 | - | 0.24% |
| 2005 | - | 0.23% |