Trade Openness - Ranking 1970

The 2025 trade openness data, measured as trade as a percentage of GDP, reveals that the top positions are dominated by small, service-oriented economies with minimal trade barriers. San Marino leads at 386.4%, followed by Luxembourg at 374.8%, both functioning as entrepôts for financial and logistical services that vastly inflate trade flows relative to their domestic output. Hong Kong and Singapore, at 360.6% and 321.5% respectively, similarly rely on re-exports and open ports. In stark contrast, Sudan records a negative value of -1.0%, reflecting severe economic distortion, likely from conflict or sanctions that collapse import capacity and export revenue. Haiti, at 21.8%, and Vanuatu, at 13.9%, lag due to structural isolation, small manufacturing bases, and high transport costs. This bottom tier underscores how political instability and geographic remoteness suppress trade integration. As global supply chains digitalize, the leaderboard could be reshuffled by landlocked nations adopting digital trade platforms or by resource-rich economies diversifying beyond raw exports.