Zambia Lowest R&D Spending
Research and development expenditure as % of GDP · World Bank
The lowest r&d spending in Zambia was 0.01% in 2002. The top 5 years were: 2002 (0.01%), 1997 (0.01%), 2003 (0.01%), 1996 (0.01%), 2004 (0.02%).
Top 5 Lowest Years▾
Zambia Top 5 Lowest R&D Spending Years
| Rank | Year | Value |
|---|
| 1st |
2002 |
0.01% |
| 2nd |
1997 |
0.01% |
| 3rd |
2003 |
0.01% |
| 4th |
1996 |
0.01% |
| 5th |
2004 |
0.02% |
All Data (sorted by value)▾
| Year | Value | Change | Rank |
|---|
| 2008 |
0.28% |
+0.25% |
65th |
| 2005 |
0.02% |
+0.00% |
92nd |
| 2004 |
0.02% |
+0.01% |
94th |
| 2003 |
0.01% |
+0.00% |
94th |
| 2002 |
0.01% |
−0.00% |
95th |
| 1997 |
0.01% |
−0.00% |
70th |
| 1996 |
0.01% |
– |
53rd |