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Colombia
Colombia
HistorySaid – pattern
Colombia matched the Stagflation Risk pattern in 2023. 21 pattern matches detected historically. View →
HistorySaid – ranking
Colombia ranks 153rd globally by GDP ($418.8B in 2024). View →
HistorySaid – inflation
Inflation in Colombia fell from 11.7% (2023) to 6.6% (2024) – a 5.1pp shift. View →
HistorySaid – population
Colombia has a population of 52.9 million as of 2024 (growth: 1.08%). View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $418.8B
GDP per Capita $7,919
GDP Growth 1.60%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 8.83% | 8.81% | 9.28% | 9.82% Trend | 10.27% Trend | 10.73% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP | $345.6B | $366.3B | $418.8B | $438.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $462.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $482.2B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $504.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $528.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $552.7B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 14.93% | 6.95% | 6.00% | 9.89% Trend | 10.70% Trend | 11.52% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP Growth | 7.33% | 0.71% | 1.60% | 2.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.27% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.86% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.76% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $1.08T | $1.11T | $1.18T | $1.19T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.24T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.29T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.35T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.41T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.48T IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $6,680 | $7,001 | $7,919 | $8,249 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,644 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,961 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $9,319 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $9,712 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $10,104 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $20,854 | $21,246 | $22,349 | $22,396 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23,158 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23,985 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $24,889 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $25,907 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $26,978 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $333.7B | $356.9B | $410.2B | $434.6B Trend | $467.2B Trend | $499.8B Trend | – | – | – |
| GNI per Capita | $6,560 | $6,720 | $7,040 | $7,333 Trend | $7,612 Trend | $7,891 Trend | – | – | – |
| Gross Savings | 12.38% | 12.67% | 13.64% | 14.77% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 14.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 15.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 15.21% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 15.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 15.71% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Industry Value Added | 26.12% | 24.69% | 23.06% | 24.19% Trend | 24.13% Trend | 24.06% Trend | – | – | – |
| Services Value Added | 54.91% | 56.74% | 58.14% | 56.00% Trend | 55.46% Trend | 54.92% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 6.61%
Consumer Price Index 196.29
PPP Conversion Factor 1,443.72
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 164.78 | 184.12 | 196.29 | 209.29 Trend | 223.10 Trend | 236.91 Trend | – | – | – |
| Inflation Rate | 10.18% | 11.74% | 6.61% | 4.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.03% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1,363.44 | 1,425.43 | 1,443.72 | 1,498.05 Trend | 1,541.16 Trend | 1,584.26 Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 52.9M
Population Growth 1.07%
Population Density 47.2
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 13.5 | – | – | 13.2 Trend | 13.0 Trend | – | – |
| Death Rate | 5.4 | – | – | 5.9 Trend | 5.9 Trend | – | – |
| Dependency Ratio | 42.80 | 42.96 | – | 42.79 Trend | 42.75 Trend | 42.71 Trend | – |
| Fertility Rate | 1.65 | – | – | 1.61 Trend | 1.60 Trend | – | – |
| Life Expectancy | 77.7 | – | – | 77.1 Trend | 77.5 Trend | – | – |
| Net Migration | 154,521 | 141,643 | 129,139 | – | 107,091 Trend | 88,951 Trend | 70,811 Trend |
| Population | 52.3M | 52.9M | – | 53.4M Trend | 54.0M Trend | 54.6M Trend | – |
| Population Density | 47.2 | – | – | 48.2 Trend | 48.8 Trend | – | – |
| Population Growth | 1.12% | 1.07% | – | 0.95% Trend | 0.88% Trend | 0.81% Trend | – |
| Refugee Population | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban Population | 78.28% | 78.52% | – | 78.73% Trend | 78.95% Trend | 79.17% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 8.29%
Youth Unemployment 17.65%
Labor Force Participation 63.40%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 14.40% | 14.25% | 14.16% | – | 13.82% Trend | 13.59% Trend | 13.36% Trend | – | – |
| Female Labor Participation | 51.83% | 51.72% | 51.62% | – | 51.76% Trend | 51.83% Trend | 51.90% Trend | – | – |
| Industry Employment | 19.99% | 20.02% | 20.00% | – | 19.97% Trend | 19.94% Trend | 19.91% Trend | – | – |
| Labor Force Participation | 63.74% | 63.53% | 63.40% | – | 63.18% Trend | 63.03% Trend | 62.88% Trend | – | – |
| Services Employment | 65.61% | 65.72% | 65.84% | – | 66.20% Trend | 66.47% Trend | 66.73% Trend | – | – |
| Unemployment Rate | 9.59% | 9.62% | 8.29% | 10.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 19.37% | 19.41% | 17.65% | – | 15.70% Trend | 14.12% Trend | 12.55% Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 15.28%
Government Spending 33.34%
Military Spending 3.36%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -6.34% | -2.92% | -6.25% | -6.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -5.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.06% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.33% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.17% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Debt to GDP | 61.30% | 55.46% | 61.24% | 58.87% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 61.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 63.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 62.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 61.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 60.87% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 27.75% | 32.20% | 28.40% | 27.55% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 27.95% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 28.53% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 29.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 29.27% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 29.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | 32.39% | 33.34% | – | 33.81% Trend | 33.80% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Health Spending | 7.59% | 8.16% | 8.14% | 7.72% Trend | 7.51% Trend | 7.30% Trend | – | – | – |
| Military Spending | 2.80% | 2.97% | 3.36% | 3.00% Trend | 2.94% Trend | 2.88% Trend | – | – | – |
| Tax Revenue | 15.26% | 17.56% | 15.28% | 17.00% Trend | 17.55% Trend | 18.11% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $201.8B
External Debt to GNI 49.20%
Short-term Debt 9.44%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 33.80% | 36.72% | 43.00% | 34.75% Trend | 32.40% Trend | 30.06% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| External Debt | $184.5B | $196.2B | $201.8B | $216.8B Trend | $228.4B Trend | $240.0B Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 55.29% | 54.97% | 49.20% | 49.17% Trend | 47.41% Trend | 45.65% Trend |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | 15.47% | 13.82% | 13.90% | 15.08% Trend | 15.57% Trend | 16.06% Trend |
| Short-term Debt | 10.50% | 9.43% | 9.44% | 9.88% Trend | 10.01% Trend | 10.13% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 16.37%
Deposit Rate 10.17%
Real Interest Rate 9.79%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 44.19% | 41.66% | 39.53% | 35.70% Trend | 32.58% Trend | 29.46% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 8.50% | 13.21% | 10.17% | 14.89% Trend | 17.36% Trend | 19.83% Trend |
| Lending Rate | 15.81% | 21.03% | 16.37% | 21.90% Trend | 24.38% Trend | 26.85% Trend |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 10.41% | 6.08% | – | 6.87% Trend | 6.09% Trend | – |
| Non-Performing Loans | 2.47% | 3.47% | – | 2.94% Trend | 2.88% Trend | – |
| Real Interest Rate | 0.77% | 13.16% | 9.79% | 11.13% Trend | 12.61% Trend | 14.09% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 4,074.43
Real Effective Exchange Rate 121.75
Foreign Reserves $61.9B
▾
| Indicator | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 4,074.43 | – | – | 4,422.03 Trend | 4,556.43 Trend | 4,690.83 Trend | – | – |
| Foreign Reserves | $61.9B | – | – | $61.2B Trend | $62.0B Trend | $62.7B Trend | – | – |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | 74.58 | 112.53 | 121.75 | – | – | 136.80 Trend | 153.18 Trend | 169.56 Trend |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 7.3 | – | – | 5.2 Trend | 4.3 Trend | 3.4 Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $69.2B
Imports $78.7B
Trade Balance $-20.2B
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | -6.03% | -2.26% | -1.64% | -2.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.57% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.34% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $73.5B | $68.7B | $69.2B | $84.0B Trend | $92.0B Trend | $99.9B Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Inflows | 4.97% | 4.58% | 3.27% | 4.50% Trend | 4.76% Trend | 5.02% Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Outflows | 0.98% | 0.35% | 1.08% | 0.87% Trend | 0.90% Trend | 0.92% Trend | – | – | – |
| Imports | $89.6B | $76.4B | $78.7B | $91.5B Trend | $97.5B Trend | $103.6B Trend | – | – | – |
| Remittances Received | $9.5B | $10.1B | $11.9B | $12.8B Trend | $14.0B Trend | $15.1B Trend | – | – | – |
| Tourism Receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Trade Balance | $-25.9B | $-17.3B | $-20.2B | $-20.0B Trend | $-19.5B Trend | $-19.1B Trend | – | – | – |
| Trade Openness | 48.28% | 40.39% | 37.03% | 41.84% Trend | 42.47% Trend | 43.10% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 17.34%
Stock Turnover Ratio 6.79%
Listed Companies 60
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 7.31% | 7.82% | 6.20% | 7.02% Trend | 7.02% Trend | 7.02% Trend |
| Listed Companies | 63 | 62 | 60 | 59 Trend | 58 Trend | 57 Trend |
| Market Capitalization | 19.79% | 21.62% | 17.34% | 10.07% Trend | 5.00% Trend | -0.08% Trend |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | 9.50% | 5.14% | 6.79% | 5.35% Trend | 4.55% Trend | 3.75% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability -0.72
Government Effectiveness -0.08
Regulatory Quality 0.10
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.37 | -0.36 | -0.31 | -0.38 Trend | -0.40 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.08 | -0.10 Trend | -0.12 Trend |
| Political Stability | -0.95 | -0.63 | -0.72 | -0.56 Trend | -0.50 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.10 | -0.01 Trend | -0.06 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -0.47 | -0.43 | -0.46 | -0.48 Trend | -0.48 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.17 Trend | 0.18 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $644
Infant Mortality Rate 10.9
Maternal Mortality Ratio 59.00
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $507 | $571 | $644 | $660 Trend | $696 Trend | $732 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 11.3 | 10.9 | – | 10.2 Trend | 9.8 Trend | – |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 74.00 | 59.00 | – | 74.40 Trend | 71.00 Trend | – |
| Physicians | – | 2.54 | – | 2.68 Trend | 2.74 Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 95.34%
Tertiary Enrollment 59.29%
Education Spending 5.26%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Literacy Rate | 95.31% | 95.46% | 95.34% | 95.24% Trend | 95.16% Trend | 95.08% Trend |
| Primary Enrollment | 104.83% | – | – | 99.59% Trend | – | – |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 59.29% | – | – | 60.26% Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 29.70%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | – | – | – | – | – |
| CO2 per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 98.70% | 99.12% Trend | 99.01% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 873 | 851 | 863 | 852 Trend | 851 Trend |
| Forest Area | 53.13% | 52.95% | 52.77% | 52.41% Trend | 52.23% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | 29.70% | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 77.34%
Mobile Subscriptions 166.98
R&D Spending 0.29%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 8.40% | 8.60% | 9.02% | 8.41% Trend | 8.28% Trend | 8.14% Trend |
| Internet Users | 72.80% | 77.34% | – | 82.66% Trend | 85.42% Trend | – |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 156.20 | 166.98 | – | 183.60 Trend | 192.69 Trend | – |
| Patent Applications | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| R&D Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 53.9
Poverty Rate 7.70%
Income Share Top 10% 42.70%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 55.1 | 54.8 | 53.9 | 56.3 Trend | 57.0 Trend |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 1.10% | 1.00% Trend | 0.99% Trend |
| Income Share Top 10% | 43.70% | 43.50% | 42.70% | 45.00% Trend | 45.65% Trend |
| Poverty Rate | 11.20% | 9.30% | 7.70% | 7.54% Trend | 6.90% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.