Home
→
Eritrea
Eritrea
HistorySaid – pattern
Eritrea matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 1997. 1 pattern matches detected historically. View →
HistorySaid – ranking
Eritrea ranks 33rd globally by GDP ($2.1B in 2011). View →
HistorySaid – population
Eritrea has a population of 3.5 million as of 2024 (growth: 1.88%). View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $2.1B
GDP per Capita $689
GDP Growth 8.68%
▾
| Indicator | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 14.12% | – | – |
| GDP | $1.9B | $1.6B | $2.1B |
| GDP Deflator | 29.50% | -16.23% | 19.54% |
| GDP Growth | 3.88% | 2.19% | 8.68% |
| GDP PPP | $4.6B | $4.7B | $5.2B |
| GDP per Capita | $643 | $540 | $689 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $1,577 | $1,599 | $1,742 |
| GNI | $1.8B | $1.6B | $2.0B |
| GNI per Capita | $520 | $550 | $650 |
| Gross Savings | – | – | – |
| Industry Value Added | 21.82% | – | – |
| Services Value Added | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
PPP Conversion Factor 4.94
▾
| Indicator | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | – | – | – |
| Inflation Rate | – | – | – |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 4.69 | 5.01 | 4.94 |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 3.5M
Population Growth 1.86%
Population Density 28.6
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 28.5 | – | – | 28.3 Trend | 28.1 Trend | – | – |
| Death Rate | 6.0 | – | – | 6.0 Trend | 5.9 Trend | – | – |
| Dependency Ratio | 74.91 | 73.43 | – | 71.60 Trend | 69.93 Trend | 68.26 Trend | – |
| Fertility Rate | 3.71 | – | – | 3.57 Trend | 3.50 Trend | – | – |
| Life Expectancy | 68.6 | – | – | 68.9 Trend | 69.3 Trend | – | – |
| Net Migration | -15,284 | -12,696 | -6,698 | – | -7,063 Trend | -4,966 Trend | -2,869 Trend |
| Population | 3.5M | 3.5M | – | 3.6M Trend | 3.7M Trend | 3.7M Trend | – |
| Population Density | 28.6 | – | – | 29.6 Trend | 30.0 Trend | – | – |
| Population Growth | 1.77% | 1.86% | – | 1.92% Trend | 1.98% Trend | 2.04% Trend | – |
| Refugee Population | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban Population | 34.70% | 34.54% | – | 34.40% Trend | 34.26% Trend | 34.11% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 5.98%
Youth Unemployment 10.24%
Labor Force Participation 78.35%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 56.36% | 55.99% | 55.48% | 55.00% Trend | 54.53% Trend | 54.07% Trend |
| Female Labor Participation | 72.86% | 72.85% | 72.84% | 72.94% Trend | 72.98% Trend | 73.02% Trend |
| Industry Employment | 12.61% | 12.67% | 12.74% | 12.79% Trend | 12.85% Trend | 12.91% Trend |
| Labor Force Participation | 78.35% | 78.34% | 78.35% | 78.50% Trend | 78.58% Trend | 78.66% Trend |
| Services Employment | 31.04% | 31.34% | 31.78% | 32.20% Trend | 32.61% Trend | 33.02% Trend |
| Unemployment Rate | 5.91% | 5.95% | 5.98% | – | – | – |
| Youth Unemployment | 9.97% | 10.06% | 10.24% | 9.80% Trend | 9.64% Trend | 9.48% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Military Spending 20.87%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | – | – | – | – | – |
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Debt to GDP | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Revenue | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Spending | – | – | – | – | – |
| Health Spending | 4.18% | 3.88% | 3.68% | 3.19% Trend | 2.96% Trend |
| Military Spending | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tax Revenue | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $693.3M
External Debt to GNI 51.48%
Short-term Debt 6.70%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Domestic Credit | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| External Debt | $727.1M | $725.9M | $693.3M | $666.3M Trend | $640.7M Trend | $615.0M Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Short-term Debt | 5.55% | 6.04% | 6.70% | 7.12% Trend | 7.62% Trend | 8.13% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
▾
| Indicator | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 16.16% | 33.99% | 53.24% |
| Deposit Rate | – | – | – |
| Lending Rate | – | – | – |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 14.40% | 16.47% | 12.91% |
| Non-Performing Loans | – | – | – |
| Real Interest Rate | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 15.08
Foreign Reserves $191.7M
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 15.08 | 15.08 | 15.08 | 15.08 Trend | 15.08 Trend | 15.08 Trend |
| Foreign Reserves | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $97.7M
Imports $499.7M
Trade Balance $-228.9M
▾
| Indicator | 2010 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | – | – | – |
| Exports | – | – | – |
| FDI Inflows | 5.73% | 1.89% | – |
| FDI Outflows | – | – | – |
| Imports | – | – | – |
| Remittances Received | – | – | – |
| Tourism Receipts | – | – | $48.0M |
| Trade Balance | $-392.8M | $-228.9M | – |
| Trade Openness | 37.47% | 47.39% | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
▾
Political Stability
Political Stability -0.79
Government Effectiveness -1.79
Regulatory Quality -2.36
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.26 | -1.28 | -1.48 | -1.38 Trend | -1.39 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.70 | -1.73 | -1.79 | -1.76 Trend | -1.77 Trend |
| Political Stability | -1.06 | -0.96 | -0.79 | -0.96 Trend | -0.97 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | -2.28 | -2.37 | -2.36 | -2.49 Trend | -2.55 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -1.58 | -1.77 | -1.76 | -1.87 Trend | -1.92 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | -1.93 | -1.88 | -1.86 | -1.64 Trend | -1.56 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $28
Infant Mortality Rate 25.5
Maternal Mortality Ratio 291.00
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $28 | $27 | $28 | $27 Trend | $27 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.99 Trend | 0.97 Trend |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 24.0 Trend | 23.2 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 338.00 | 301.00 | 291.00 | 261.80 Trend | 246.50 Trend |
| Physicians | 0.09 | 0.09 | – | 0.09 Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 64.66%
Tertiary Enrollment 3.20%
Education Spending 2.13%
▾
| Indicator | 2017 | 2018 | 2022 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – |
| Literacy Rate | – | – | – | – |
| Primary Enrollment | 78.35% | 78.79% | 89.73% | 88.61% Trend |
| Tertiary Enrollment | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 80.70%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | – | – | – | – | – |
| CO2 per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Electricity Access | 52.50% | 53.40% | 54.40% | 56.48% Trend | 57.50% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 287 | 290 | – | 293 Trend | – |
| Forest Area | 8.68% | 8.66% | 8.63% | 8.57% Trend | 8.54% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | 80.70% | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 20.01%
Mobile Subscriptions 59.12
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | – | – | – | – | – |
| Internet Users | 18.38% | 18.71% | 20.01% | 25.32% Trend | 27.52% Trend |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 53.76 | 59.12 | – | 85.16 Trend | – |
| Patent Applications | – | – | – | – | – |
| R&D Spending | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
▾