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European Union

High income · Population 450,228,188.00 · GDP 19,497,115,588,443.58 · EUR (Euro)
HistorySaid – inflation

Inflation in European Union fell from 6.3% (2023) to 2.4% (2024) – a 3.9pp shift. View →

Economy & Growth
GDP $19.50T GDP per Capita $43,305 GDP Growth 1.06%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Agriculture Value Added 1.68% 1.63% 1.61% 1.65% Trend 1.66% Trend 1.67% Trend
GDP $17.02T $18.66T $19.50T $20.38T Trend $21.30T Trend $22.21T Trend
GDP Deflator 6.62% 6.91% 3.39% 6.41% Trend 7.10% Trend 7.79% Trend
GDP Growth 3.56% 0.45% 1.06%
GDP PPP $26.15T $27.55T $28.63T $31.09T Trend $33.00T Trend $34.91T Trend
GDP per Capita $38,067 $41,567 $43,305 $45,242 Trend $47,200 Trend $49,158 Trend
GDP per Capita PPP $58,484 $61,368 $63,585 $69,026 Trend $73,169 Trend $77,313 Trend
GNI $17.02T $18.65T $19.47T $20.34T Trend $21.24T Trend $22.14T Trend
GNI per Capita $40,626 $40,918 $41,062 $43,708 Trend $45,221 Trend $46,734 Trend
Gross Savings 24.75% 24.98% 24.71%
Industry Value Added 22.87% 23.25% 22.27% 22.98% Trend 23.14% Trend 23.29% Trend
Services Value Added 65.24% 65.50% 66.05% 65.78% Trend 65.85% Trend 65.91% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 2.44%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024
Consumer Price Index
Inflation Rate 8.83% 6.30% 2.44%
PPP Conversion Factor
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 450.2M Population Growth 0.30% Population Density 111.9
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028
Birth Rate 8.2 7.8 Trend 7.5 Trend
Death Rate 10.8 11.5 Trend 11.6 Trend
Dependency Ratio 56.90 57.38 57.80 Trend 58.24 Trend 58.67 Trend
Fertility Rate 1.39 1.35 Trend 1.31 Trend
Life Expectancy 81.4 81.0 Trend 81.1 Trend
Net Migration 1.3M 194,612 -317,019 -725,658 Trend -1.4M Trend -2.1M Trend
Population 448.9M 450.2M 450.7M Trend 451.6M Trend 452.6M Trend
Population Density 111.9 Trend
Population Growth 0.38% 0.30% 0.49% Trend 0.60% Trend 0.71% Trend
Refugee Population
Urban Population 74.89% 75.03% 75.14% Trend 75.26% Trend 75.38% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 5.93% Youth Unemployment 16.20% Labor Force Participation 57.27%
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Agriculture Employment 3.66% 3.33% 3.23% 3.05% Trend 2.87% Trend 2.70% Trend
Female Labor Participation 51.97% 51.87% 51.61% 52.07% Trend 52.22% Trend 52.38% Trend
Industry Employment 24.26% 24.18% 23.91% 23.71% Trend 23.49% Trend 23.28% Trend
Labor Force Participation 57.72% 57.58% 57.27% 57.61% Trend 57.69% Trend 57.76% Trend
Services Employment 72.08% 72.49% 72.86% 73.24% Trend 73.63% Trend 74.02% Trend
Unemployment Rate 6.03% 5.92% 5.93%
Youth Unemployment 16.23% 16.24% 16.20% 15.20% Trend 14.68% Trend 14.16% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 19.57% Government Spending 39.34% Military Spending 1.90%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Budget Deficit
Education Spending
Government Debt to GDP
Government Revenue
Government Spending 39.34% 44.19% Trend
Health Spending 10.30% 10.00% 10.54% 10.09% Trend 9.96% Trend 9.83% Trend
Military Spending 1.52% 1.64% 1.90% 1.88% Trend 1.97% Trend 2.06% Trend
Tax Revenue 19.85% 19.57% 19.61% Trend 19.57% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Debt Service
Domestic Credit
External Debt
External Debt to GNI
Interest Payments to Revenue 2.92% 2.96% 2.73% 2.36% Trend 2.18% Trend
Short-term Debt
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Credit to GDP 83.91% 78.47% 75.58% 70.59% Trend 66.19% Trend 61.79% Trend
Deposit Rate
Lending Rate
M2 Money Supply Growth
Non-Performing Loans
Real Interest Rate
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Exchange Rate
Foreign Reserves
Real Effective Exchange Rate
Reserves in Months of Imports 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.8 Trend 2.5 Trend 2.2 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Current Account Balance
Exports
FDI Inflows 1.40% -1.37% 1.53% -0.03% Trend -0.49% Trend -0.94% Trend
FDI Outflows 3.26% -1.31% 2.26% 0.78% Trend 0.27% Trend -0.23% Trend
Imports
Remittances Received $136.0B $152.3B $158.2B $165.6B Trend $173.4B Trend $181.3B Trend
Tourism Receipts
Trade Balance
Trade Openness 103.71% 95.22% 91.65% 99.02% Trend 100.99% Trend 102.96% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 50.02% Stock Turnover Ratio 39.64% Listed Companies 5,880
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Interest Rate Spread
Listed Companies
Market Capitalization
Stock Turnover Ratio 58.79% 41.63% 39.64% 31.41% Trend 24.42% Trend 17.42% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $5,005 Infant Mortality Rate 3.2 Maternal Mortality Ratio 5.00
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Health Expenditure per Capita $3,923 $4,154 $5,005 $4,942 Trend $5,184 Trend $5,426 Trend
Hospital Beds 5.14 4.99 Trend
Infant Mortality Rate 3.2 3.2 3.1 Trend 3.1 Trend
Maternal Mortality Ratio 7.00 5.00 5.80 Trend 5.60 Trend
Physicians 4.15 4.13 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Tertiary Enrollment 79.50% Education Spending 4.66%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Education Spending 4.66% 4.87% Trend
Literacy Rate
Primary Enrollment 101.43% 102.44% 102.44% 102.98% Trend 103.40% Trend 103.82% Trend
Tertiary Enrollment 79.63% 79.50% 79.50% 81.49% Trend 82.55% Trend 83.61% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 21.06%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
CO2 Emissions
CO2 per Capita
Electricity Access 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.01% Trend 100.01% Trend
Energy Use per Capita 3,110 2,923 2,780 2,679 Trend 2,604 Trend
Forest Area 39.88% 39.93% 40.06% Trend
Renewable Energy
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Mobile Subscriptions 123.69 R&D Spending 2.24%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
High-tech Exports 19.24% 19.29% 20.48% 21.73% Trend 22.86% Trend 24.00% Trend
Internet Users
Mobile Subscriptions 123.69 124.90 Trend
Patent Applications
R&D Spending 2.24% 2.32% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality