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Indonesia
Indonesia
HistorySaid – pattern
Indonesia matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2011. 12 pattern matches detected historically. View →
HistorySaid – ranking
Indonesia ranks 175th globally by GDP ($1.40T in 2024). View →
HistorySaid – inflation
Inflation in Indonesia fell from 3.7% (2023) to 2.2% (2024) – a 1.5pp shift. View →
HistorySaid – population
Indonesia has a population of 283.5 million as of 2024 (growth: 0.82%). View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $1.40T
GDP per Capita $4,925
GDP Growth 5.03%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 12.40% | 12.53% | 12.61% | 12.02% Trend | 11.73% Trend | 11.44% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP | $1.32T | $1.37T | $1.40T | $1.44T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.55T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.66T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.79T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.93T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.08T IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 9.57% | 1.53% | 0.89% | 2.95% Trend | 2.76% Trend | 2.58% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP Growth | 5.31% | 5.05% | 5.03% | 4.86% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.94% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.96% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.96% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.11% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.14% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $3.98T | $4.33T | $4.66T | $5.02T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5.36T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5.72T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6.10T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6.52T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6.99T IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $4,731 | $4,876 | $4,925 | $5,074 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5,398 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5,736 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6,122 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6,540 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6,990 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $14,285 | $15,416 | $16,448 | $17,634 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $18,657 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $19,727 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $20,854 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $22,113 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23,492 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $1.28T | $1.33T | $1.36T | $1.48T Trend | $1.57T Trend | $1.65T Trend | – | – | – |
| GNI per Capita | $4,520 | $4,810 | $4,910 | $5,284 Trend | $5,564 Trend | $5,844 Trend | – | – | – |
| Gross Savings | 37.00% | 35.87% | 34.65% | 30.19% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 30.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 30.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 30.16% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 30.28% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 30.37% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Industry Value Added | 41.43% | 40.22% | 39.32% | 40.57% Trend | 40.82% Trend | 41.07% Trend | – | – | – |
| Services Value Added | 41.79% | 42.88% | 43.77% | 42.77% Trend | 42.65% Trend | 42.52% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 2.18%
Consumer Price Index 172.74
PPP Conversion Factor 4,747.91
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 163.07 | 169.05 | 172.74 | 178.05 Trend | 183.04 Trend | 188.03 Trend | – | – | – |
| Inflation Rate | 4.21% | 3.67% | 2.18% | 1.84% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 4,917.92 | 4,819.74 | 4,747.91 | 4,794.54 Trend | 4,787.05 Trend | 4,779.56 Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 283.5M
Population Growth 0.81%
Population Density 148.6
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 15.9 | – | – | 15.5 Trend | 15.2 Trend | – | – |
| Death Rate | 7.5 | – | – | 7.7 Trend | 7.6 Trend | – | – |
| Dependency Ratio | 47.02 | 46.81 | – | 46.45 Trend | 46.14 Trend | 45.84 Trend | – |
| Fertility Rate | 2.13 | – | – | 2.09 Trend | 2.07 Trend | – | – |
| Life Expectancy | 71.1 | – | – | 71.2 Trend | 71.6 Trend | – | – |
| Net Migration | -37,501 | -38,469 | -39,509 | – | -50,093 Trend | -55,842 Trend | -61,591 Trend |
| Population | 281.2M | 283.5M | – | 285.5M Trend | 287.7M Trend | 289.9M Trend | – |
| Population Density | 148.6 | – | – | 149.9 Trend | 150.7 Trend | – | – |
| Population Growth | 0.84% | 0.81% | – | 0.81% Trend | 0.82% Trend | 0.82% Trend | – |
| Refugee Population | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban Population | 58.12% | 58.75% | – | 59.36% Trend | 59.98% Trend | 60.60% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 3.24%
Youth Unemployment 12.98%
Labor Force Participation 67.97%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 28.78% | 27.96% | 27.30% | – | 27.05% Trend | 26.58% Trend | 26.11% Trend | – | – |
| Female Labor Participation | 53.49% | 53.59% | 53.72% | – | 54.38% Trend | 54.82% Trend | 55.25% Trend | – | – |
| Industry Employment | 21.95% | 22.29% | 22.53% | – | 22.67% Trend | 22.86% Trend | 23.06% Trend | – | – |
| Labor Force Participation | 67.90% | 67.93% | 67.97% | – | 68.87% Trend | 69.38% Trend | 69.89% Trend | – | – |
| Services Employment | 49.27% | 49.75% | 50.17% | – | 50.28% Trend | 50.56% Trend | 50.83% Trend | – | – |
| Unemployment Rate | 3.31% | 3.30% | 3.24% | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 13.02% | 13.08% | 12.98% | – | 12.60% Trend | 12.33% Trend | 12.07% Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 11.06%
Government Spending 15.37%
Military Spending 0.78%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -2.31% | -1.64% | -2.30% | -2.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.73% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.69% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Debt to GDP | 40.14% | 39.60% | 40.17% | 40.83% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 41.14% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 41.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 41.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 41.54% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 41.53% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 14.95% | 15.00% | 14.55% | 13.73% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 13.86% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 13.96% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 14.08% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 14.19% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 14.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Health Spending | 2.69% | 2.70% | – | 2.65% Trend | 2.54% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Military Spending | 0.77% | 0.82% | 0.78% | 0.76% Trend | 0.75% Trend | 0.73% Trend | – | – | – |
| Tax Revenue | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $421.1B
External Debt to GNI 30.97%
Short-term Debt 15.47%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 23.33% | 20.28% | 24.69% | 17.21% Trend | 14.19% Trend | 11.17% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | 51.13% | 50.37% | 50.10% | 48.58% Trend | 47.46% Trend | 46.35% Trend |
| External Debt | $396.0B | $399.6B | $421.1B | $407.3B Trend | $406.2B Trend | $405.2B Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 30.85% | 29.94% | 30.97% | 26.10% Trend | 23.57% Trend | 21.04% Trend |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Short-term Debt | 12.13% | 12.63% | 15.47% | 15.71% Trend | 16.80% Trend | 17.89% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 8.80%
Deposit Rate 5.43%
Real Interest Rate 7.83%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 35.29% | 36.01% | 36.39% | 35.01% Trend | 34.45% Trend | 33.90% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 3.21% | 4.63% | 5.43% | 4.73% Trend | 4.81% Trend | 4.89% Trend |
| Lending Rate | 8.52% | 8.93% | 8.80% | 8.49% Trend | 8.34% Trend | 8.20% Trend |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 8.35% | 3.50% | 4.76% | 0.82% Trend | -1.78% Trend | -4.38% Trend |
| Non-Performing Loans | 2.15% | 1.96% | – | 1.84% Trend | 1.71% Trend | – |
| Real Interest Rate | -0.96% | 7.29% | 7.83% | 5.45% Trend | 5.47% Trend | 5.49% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 15,855.45
Real Effective Exchange Rate 92.06
Foreign Reserves $155.7B
▾
| Indicator | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 15,855.45 | – | – | 16,009.08 Trend | 16,356.60 Trend | 16,704.12 Trend | – | – |
| Foreign Reserves | $155.7B | – | – | $156.3B Trend | $160.4B Trend | $164.5B Trend | – | – |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | 100.09 | 95.33 | 92.06 | – | – | 90.59 Trend | 88.08 Trend | 85.56 Trend |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 5.7 | – | – | 4.4 Trend | 3.8 Trend | 3.2 Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $302.1B
Imports $280.8B
Trade Balance $25.0B
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | 1.00% | -0.15% | -0.62% | -1.05% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.21% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.24% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.14% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.09% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.07% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $315.7B | $291.3B | $302.1B | $354.4B Trend | $383.6B Trend | $412.8B Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Inflows | 1.87% | 1.57% | 1.74% | 1.65% Trend | 1.61% Trend | 1.57% Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Outflows | 0.50% | 0.52% | 0.60% | 0.62% Trend | 0.66% Trend | 0.71% Trend | – | – | – |
| Imports | $273.0B | $262.7B | $280.8B | $324.9B Trend | $353.6B Trend | $382.3B Trend | – | – | – |
| Remittances Received | $13.1B | $14.5B | $16.0B | $17.9B Trend | $19.7B Trend | $21.4B Trend | – | – | – |
| Tourism Receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Trade Balance | $46.7B | $29.8B | $25.0B | $34.0B Trend | $35.3B Trend | $36.6B Trend | – | – | – |
| Trade Openness | 45.46% | 41.34% | 42.57% | 46.61% Trend | 48.64% Trend | 50.68% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 55.30%
Stock Turnover Ratio 18.54%
Listed Companies 903
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 5.31% | 4.29% | 3.37% | 3.76% Trend | 3.53% Trend | 3.30% Trend |
| Listed Companies | 825 | 903 | – | 1,008 Trend | 1,066 Trend | – |
| Market Capitalization | 46.27% | 55.30% | – | 55.39% Trend | 57.04% Trend | – |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | 31.93% | 18.54% | – | 25.90% Trend | 25.65% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability -0.40
Government Effectiveness 0.58
Regulatory Quality 0.30
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.45 | -0.44 | -0.49 | -0.46 Trend | -0.46 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.76 Trend | 0.86 Trend |
| Political Stability | -0.53 | -0.55 | -0.40 | -0.45 Trend | -0.44 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.42 Trend | 0.48 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -0.25 | -0.19 | -0.15 | -0.04 Trend | 0.02 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 Trend | 0.16 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $132
Infant Mortality Rate 17.0
Maternal Mortality Ratio 140.00
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $159 | $127 | $132 | $143 Trend | $145 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | 1.34 | 1.40 | 1.37 | 1.51 Trend | 1.55 Trend |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 18.0 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 15.8 Trend | 15.2 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 226.00 | 148.00 | 140.00 | 140.60 Trend | 132.80 Trend |
| Physicians | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.52 | 0.67 Trend | 0.69 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 96.00%
Tertiary Enrollment 44.88%
Education Spending 1.28%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | 1.28% | – | – | 1.22% Trend | 1.27% Trend | – | – |
| Literacy Rate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Primary Enrollment | 98.16% | 100.04% | 100.37% | – | 99.95% Trend | 100.10% Trend | 100.24% Trend |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 44.88% | – | – | 48.38% Trend | 50.30% Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 20.20%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | – | – | – | – | – |
| CO2 per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Electricity Access | 99.20% | 100.00% | 99.40% | 100.50% Trend | 100.90% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 897 | 954 | 977 | 1,052 Trend | 1,089 Trend |
| Forest Area | 48.36% | 48.04% | 47.72% | 46.77% Trend | 46.33% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | 20.20% | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 72.78%
Mobile Subscriptions 125.24
R&D Spending 0.28%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 8.31% | 9.08% | 8.71% | 9.08% Trend | 9.33% Trend | 9.57% Trend |
| Internet Users | 66.48% | 69.21% | 72.78% | 78.42% Trend | 82.95% Trend | 87.47% Trend |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 122.87 | 125.24 | – | 124.37 Trend | 123.72 Trend | – |
| Patent Applications | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| R&D Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 34.9
Poverty Rate 5.40%
Income Share Top 10% 28.80%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 35.5 | 36.1 | 34.9 | 35.4 Trend | 35.4 Trend | 35.4 Trend |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 3.30% | 3.30% | 3.50% | 3.51% Trend | 3.58% Trend | 3.65% Trend |
| Income Share Top 10% | 29.00% | 29.90% | 28.80% | 29.80% Trend | 30.14% Trend | 30.48% Trend |
| Poverty Rate | 7.90% | 6.70% | 5.40% | 4.47% Trend | 3.40% Trend | 2.33% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.