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Korea

High income · Population 51,751,065.00 · GDP 1,875,388,209,406.80
HistorySaid – pattern

Korea matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2006. 10 pattern matches detected historically. View →

HistorySaid – ranking

Korea ranks 179th globally by GDP ($1.88T in 2024). View →

HistorySaid – inflation

Inflation in Korea fell from 3.6% (2023) to 2.3% (2024) – a 1.3pp shift. View →

HistorySaid – population

Korea has a population of 51.8 million as of 2024 (growth: 0.07%). View →

Economy & Growth
GDP $1.88T GDP per Capita $36,239 GDP Growth 2.00%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Value Added 1.45% 1.45% 1.46% 1.38% Trend 1.34% Trend 1.29% Trend
GDP $1.80T $1.84T $1.88T $1.86T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.94T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.02T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.10T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.18T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.27T IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP Deflator 1.81% 2.04% 4.07% 3.68% Trend 4.06% Trend 4.44% Trend
GDP Growth 2.73% 1.58% 2.00% 0.90% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.83% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.19% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.97% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.94% IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP PPP $2.87T $2.97T $3.16T $3.36T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $3.49T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $3.62T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $3.76T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $3.90T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $4.05T IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita $34,822 $35,674 $36,239 $35,962 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $37,523 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $39,142 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $40,802 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $42,522 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $44,262 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita PPP $55,509 $57,430 $61,051 $65,080 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $67,554 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $70,274 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $73,079 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $75,939 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $78,971 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GNI $1.82T $1.87T $1.90T $1.92T Trend $1.94T Trend $1.96T Trend
GNI per Capita $38,590 $38,020 $36,750 $38,383 Trend $38,790 Trend $39,197 Trend
Gross Savings 34.38% 33.48% 35.26% 34.39% IMF WEO Oct 2025 33.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 33.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 33.89% IMF WEO Oct 2025 34.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025 34.03% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Industry Value Added 32.51% 32.52% 33.90% 33.23% Trend 33.27% Trend 33.32% Trend
Services Value Added 58.07% 58.88% 57.50% 58.60% Trend 58.91% Trend 59.23% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 2.32% Consumer Price Index 132.20 PPP Conversion Factor 809.27
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Consumer Price Index 124.71 129.20 132.20 137.12 Trend 141.45 Trend 145.79 Trend
Inflation Rate 5.09% 3.60% 2.32% 1.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.85% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.97% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025
PPP Conversion Factor 810.16 811.05 809.27 800.24 Trend 794.34 Trend 788.44 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 51.8M Population Growth 0.07% Population Density 529.8
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028
Birth Rate 4.5 3.9 Trend 3.5 Trend
Death Rate 6.0 7.0 Trend 7.2 Trend
Dependency Ratio 41.45 42.53 43.40 Trend 44.32 Trend 45.24 Trend
Fertility Rate 0.72 0.63 Trend 0.59 Trend
Life Expectancy 83.4 83.1 Trend 83.1 Trend
Net Migration 87,800 75,963 65,731 106,058 Trend 121,376 Trend 136,694 Trend
Population 51.7M 51.8M 51.7M Trend 51.7M Trend 51.6M Trend
Population Density 529.8 529.1 Trend 528.9 Trend
Population Growth 0.08% 0.07% 0.02% Trend 0.03% Trend 0.03% Trend
Refugee Population
Urban Population 81.16% 81.17% 81.16% Trend 81.16% Trend 81.16% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 2.68% Youth Unemployment 6.70% Labor Force Participation 64.35%
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Employment 5.32% 5.20% 5.10% 5.06% Trend 4.99% Trend 4.92% Trend
Female Labor Participation 56.04% 56.83% 56.78% 58.08% Trend 58.89% Trend 59.70% Trend
Industry Employment 23.99% 23.66% 23.38% 23.05% Trend 22.72% Trend 22.40% Trend
Labor Force Participation 64.27% 64.47% 64.35% 65.17% Trend 65.59% Trend 66.02% Trend
Services Employment 70.68% 71.14% 71.51% 71.89% Trend 72.29% Trend 72.68% Trend
Unemployment Rate 2.68% 2.78% 2.68% 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.90% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Youth Unemployment 5.41% 6.43% 6.70% 5.77% Trend 5.48% Trend 5.18% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 14.60% Government Spending 28.32% Military Spending 2.56%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Budget Deficit -1.49% -0.67% -0.78% -1.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.41% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.18% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Education Spending
Government Debt to GDP 49.80% 50.54% 49.82% 53.37% IMF WEO Oct 2025 56.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025 58.89% IMF WEO Oct 2025 60.94% IMF WEO Oct 2025 62.73% IMF WEO Oct 2025 64.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Revenue 25.19% 22.41% 21.75% 22.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.22% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.31% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.54% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.54% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Spending 31.30% 28.32% 31.64% Trend 32.44% Trend
Health Spending 8.86% 8.57% 8.68% 8.95% Trend 9.10% Trend 9.25% Trend
Military Spending 2.58% 2.60% 2.56% 2.55% Trend 2.53% Trend 2.51% Trend
Tax Revenue 17.16% 14.60% 16.62% Trend 16.99% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Debt Service
Domestic Credit
External Debt
External Debt to GNI
Interest Payments to Revenue 3.33% 3.60% 4.51% 4.36% Trend 4.50% Trend
Short-term Debt
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 4.73% Deposit Rate 3.48% Real Interest Rate 0.63%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Credit to GDP 162.77% 163.52% 160.35% 164.70% Trend 166.18% Trend 167.66% Trend
Deposit Rate 3.12% 3.84% 3.48% 4.75% Trend 5.48% Trend 6.21% Trend
Lending Rate 4.29% 5.19% 4.73% 5.83% Trend 6.44% Trend 7.06% Trend
M2 Money Supply Growth 4.00% 3.89% 6.55% 2.76% Trend 1.21% Trend -0.35% Trend
Non-Performing Loans 0.24% 0.22% Trend
Real Interest Rate 2.44% 3.09% 0.63% 2.09% Trend 2.32% Trend 2.54% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 1,363.38 Real Effective Exchange Rate 84.72 Foreign Reserves $418.2B
Indicator 2024 2025 2026 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Exchange Rate 1,363.38 1,415.32 Trend 1,468.11 Trend 1,520.90 Trend
Foreign Reserves $418.2B $406.0B Trend $396.7B Trend $387.4B Trend
Real Effective Exchange Rate 92.51 86.92 84.72 81.68 Trend 78.53 Trend 75.38 Trend
Reserves in Months of Imports 6.2 4.8 Trend 4.1 Trend 3.3 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $835.1B Imports $758.7B Trade Balance $76.4B
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Current Account Balance 1.44% 1.78% 5.28% 4.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.13% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Exports $826.0B $769.2B $835.1B $898.0B Trend $943.5B Trend $989.0B Trend
FDI Inflows 1.39% 1.03% 0.81% 1.13% Trend 1.18% Trend 1.23% Trend
FDI Outflows 3.66% 1.74% 2.59% 2.54% Trend 2.49% Trend 2.44% Trend
Imports $817.6B $758.4B $758.7B $863.2B Trend $912.5B Trend $961.9B Trend
Remittances Received $7.8B $7.0B $7.4B $7.3B Trend $7.2B Trend $7.2B Trend
Tourism Receipts
Trade Balance $82.3M $7.1B $76.4B $32.4B Trend $29.0B Trend $25.6B Trend
Trade Openness 90.59% 82.26% 84.64% 93.21% Trend 97.73% Trend 102.24% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 83.05% Stock Turnover Ratio 200.76% Listed Companies 2,599
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Interest Rate Spread 1.17% 1.35% 1.25% 1.08% Trend 0.96% Trend 0.85% Trend
Listed Companies 2,446 2,536 2,599 2,671 Trend 2,742 Trend 2,814 Trend
Market Capitalization 91.39% 106.68% 83.05% 76.72% Trend 67.62% Trend 58.52% Trend
Stock Turnover Ratio 185.42% 172.35% 200.76% 163.22% Trend 147.66% Trend 132.10% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability 0.61 Government Effectiveness 1.40 Regulatory Quality 1.12
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Control of Corruption 0.73 0.75 0.89 0.93 Trend 0.97 Trend
Government Effectiveness 1.37 1.35 1.40 1.41 Trend 1.43 Trend
Political Stability 0.63 0.58 0.61 0.63 Trend 0.64 Trend
Regulatory Quality 1.09 1.15 1.12 1.19 Trend 1.21 Trend
Rule of Law 1.10 1.16 1.25 1.24 Trend 1.26 Trend
Voice and Accountability 0.93 0.88 0.86 0.96 Trend 0.98 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $3,137 Infant Mortality Rate 2.3 Maternal Mortality Ratio 4.00
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Health Expenditure per Capita $3,079 $3,044 $3,137 $3,255 Trend $3,334 Trend $3,413 Trend
Hospital Beds 12.81 13.15 Trend
Infant Mortality Rate 2.4 2.3 2.2 Trend 2.1 Trend
Maternal Mortality Ratio 7.00 4.00 3.80 Trend 3.10 Trend
Physicians 2.61 2.75 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 97.97% Tertiary Enrollment 106.71% Education Spending 5.81%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Education Spending 4.87% 5.81% 6.37% Trend
Literacy Rate
Primary Enrollment 98.61% 99.01% 100.30% 99.80% Trend 99.91% Trend
Tertiary Enrollment 100.36% 102.81% 106.71% 112.69% Trend 115.83% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 3.60%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
CO2 Emissions
CO2 per Capita
Electricity Access 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Trend 100.00% Trend
Energy Use per Capita 5,514 5,412 5,337 5,447 Trend 5,469 Trend
Forest Area 64.31% 64.21% 64.11% 63.90% Trend 63.80% Trend
Renewable Energy 3.60%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 97.90% Mobile Subscriptions 162.11 R&D Spending 5.21%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
High-tech Exports 36.12% 30.28% 36.26% 33.53% Trend 33.08% Trend 32.64% Trend
Internet Users 97.17% 97.42% 97.90% 98.10% Trend 98.36% Trend 98.62% Trend
Mobile Subscriptions 148.68 162.11 172.39 Trend 179.46 Trend
Patent Applications
R&D Spending 5.21% 5.65% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 32.9 Poverty Rate 0.20% Income Share Top 10% 24.60%
Indicator 2019 2020 2021
Gini Index 33.2 32.7 32.9
Income Share Bottom 10% 2.90% 3.10% 2.90%
Income Share Top 10% 24.70% 24.80% 24.60%
Poverty Rate 0.20% 0.00% 0.20%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.