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Malaysia

Upper middle income · Population 35,557,673.00 · GDP 422,227,005,428.69
HistorySaid – pattern

Malaysia matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2011. 10 pattern matches detected historically. View →

HistorySaid – ranking

Malaysia ranks 154th globally by GDP ($422.2B in 2024). View →

HistorySaid – inflation

Inflation in Malaysia fell from 2.5% (2023) to 1.8% (2024) – a 0.7pp shift. View →

HistorySaid – population

Malaysia has a population of 35.6 million as of 2024 (growth: 1.23%). View →

Economy & Growth
GDP $422.2B GDP per Capita $11,874 GDP Growth 5.11%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Value Added 8.96% 7.77% 8.13% 7.95% Trend 7.77% Trend 7.58% Trend
GDP $407.8B $399.9B $422.2B $470.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $505.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $537.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $572.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $608.8B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $646.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP Deflator 6.30% -1.85% 0.79% 0.73% Trend 0.30% Trend -0.14% Trend
GDP Growth 9.03% 3.54% 5.11% 4.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP PPP $1.19T $1.28T $1.38T $1.48T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.56T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.65T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.75T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.85T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.96T IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita $11,755 $11,386 $11,874 $13,901 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $14,762 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $15,534 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $16,375 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $17,238 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $18,129 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita PPP $34,420 $36,467 $38,779 $43,665 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $45,712 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $47,818 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $50,015 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $52,400 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $54,990 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GNI $394.9B $387.7B $407.8B $430.4B Trend $448.3B Trend $466.1B Trend
GNI per Capita $11,620 $11,700 $11,650 $12,398 Trend $12,824 Trend $13,250 Trend
Gross Savings 26.78% 23.86% 23.38% 23.43% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.54% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.84% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Industry Value Added 38.97% 37.56% 36.97% 38.01% Trend 38.21% Trend 38.41% Trend
Services Value Added 51.02% 53.55% 53.72% 52.87% Trend 52.85% Trend 52.82% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 1.83% Consumer Price Index 132.77 PPP Conversion Factor 1.40
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Consumer Price Index 127.21 130.38 132.77 136.51 Trend 139.78 Trend 143.05 Trend
Inflation Rate 3.38% 2.49% 1.83% 1.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.20% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025
PPP Conversion Factor 1.50 1.42 1.40 1.37 Trend 1.34 Trend 1.31 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 35.6M Population Growth 1.22% Population Density 106.9
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028
Birth Rate 12.4 11.1 Trend 10.6 Trend
Death Rate 5.2 5.7 Trend 5.8 Trend
Dependency Ratio 42.33 41.89 41.19 Trend 40.59 Trend 39.99 Trend
Fertility Rate 1.55 1.39 Trend 1.33 Trend
Life Expectancy 76.7 76.0 Trend 76.0 Trend
Net Migration 181,071 174,770 166,615 162,673 Trend 156,957 Trend 151,240 Trend
Population 35.1M 35.6M 36.0M Trend 36.4M Trend 36.8M Trend
Population Density 106.9 109.4 Trend 110.7 Trend
Population Growth 1.23% 1.22% 1.18% Trend 1.17% Trend 1.16% Trend
Refugee Population
Urban Population 76.44% 76.92% 77.38% Trend 77.85% Trend 78.31% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 3.76% Youth Unemployment 11.95% Labor Force Participation 66.12%
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Employment 9.75% 9.44% 9.18% 8.90% Trend 8.62% Trend 8.34% Trend
Female Labor Participation 51.59% 51.62% 51.64% 51.73% Trend 51.79% Trend 51.85% Trend
Industry Employment 26.00% 26.00% 25.96% 25.99% Trend 25.98% Trend 25.98% Trend
Labor Force Participation 66.18% 66.11% 66.12% 66.32% Trend 66.40% Trend 66.49% Trend
Services Employment 64.25% 64.56% 64.86% 65.12% Trend 65.40% Trend 65.68% Trend
Unemployment Rate 3.86% 3.85% 3.76% 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Youth Unemployment 12.15% 12.25% 11.95% 12.27% Trend 12.35% Trend 12.44% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 12.56% Government Spending 17.01% Military Spending 0.99%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Budget Deficit -4.56% -3.97% -3.95% -3.61% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -3.57% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -3.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -3.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -3.61% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -3.62% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Education Spending
Government Debt to GDP 65.46% 69.71% 70.08% 70.44% IMF WEO Oct 2025 70.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 70.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 70.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 70.63% IMF WEO Oct 2025 70.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Revenue 20.08% 20.94% 19.91% 19.76% IMF WEO Oct 2025 19.12% IMF WEO Oct 2025 18.84% IMF WEO Oct 2025 18.62% IMF WEO Oct 2025 18.43% IMF WEO Oct 2025 18.28% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Spending 17.90% 17.01% 17.09% Trend 16.96% Trend
Health Spending 3.90% 3.96% 4.05% Trend 4.06% Trend
Military Spending 0.90% 0.98% 0.99% 0.96% Trend 0.96% Trend 0.96% Trend
Tax Revenue 11.63% 12.56% 12.45% Trend 12.65% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Debt Service
Domestic Credit
External Debt
External Debt to GNI
Interest Payments to Revenue 16.29% 14.02% 14.71% 15.84% Trend 16.16% Trend
Short-term Debt
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 5.28% Deposit Rate 2.65% Real Interest Rate 4.46%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Credit to GDP 113.07% 117.10% 116.10% 107.79% Trend 103.23% Trend 98.67% Trend
Deposit Rate 1.95% 2.65% 2.65% 2.89% Trend 3.14% Trend 3.39% Trend
Lending Rate 3.91% 5.32% 5.28% 5.74% Trend 6.20% Trend 6.65% Trend
M2 Money Supply Growth 4.00% 5.83% 3.28% 3.94% Trend 3.71% Trend 3.47% Trend
Non-Performing Loans 1.72% 1.65% 1.80% Trend 1.84% Trend
Real Interest Rate -2.25% 7.30% 4.46% 5.06% Trend 5.93% Trend 6.80% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 4.58 Real Effective Exchange Rate 106.47 Foreign Reserves $116.2B
Indicator 2024 2025 2026 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Exchange Rate 4.58 4.73 Trend 4.84 Trend 4.96 Trend
Foreign Reserves $116.2B $117.9B Trend $119.3B Trend $120.6B Trend
Real Effective Exchange Rate 80.96 101.55 106.47 111.19 Trend 118.17 Trend 125.14 Trend
Reserves in Months of Imports 4.5 3.8 Trend 3.4 Trend 3.0 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $301.8B Imports $279.1B Trade Balance $22.5B
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Current Account Balance 3.12% 1.56% 1.69% 1.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.13% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.09% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.11% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Exports $312.9B $274.1B $301.8B $331.4B Trend $351.1B Trend $370.9B Trend
FDI Inflows 3.68% 1.98% 3.69% 3.66% Trend 3.81% Trend 3.97% Trend
FDI Outflows 2.90% 1.99% 3.09% 3.31% Trend 3.59% Trend 3.87% Trend
Imports $283.8B $253.7B $279.1B $308.5B Trend $328.7B Trend $348.9B Trend
Remittances Received $1.6B $1.7B $1.6B $1.7B Trend $1.8B Trend $1.8B Trend
Tourism Receipts
Trade Balance $29.3B $19.1B $22.5B $22.1B Trend $21.5B Trend $20.9B Trend
Trade Openness 146.42% 132.59% 137.36% 145.35% Trend 149.32% Trend 153.29% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 106.45% Stock Turnover Ratio 36.92% Listed Companies 1,031
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Interest Rate Spread 1.96% 2.67% 2.64% 2.85% Trend 3.06% Trend 3.27% Trend
Listed Companies 963 987 1,031 1,046 Trend 1,072 Trend 1,097 Trend
Market Capitalization 93.47% 94.53% 106.45% 88.29% Trend 82.08% Trend 75.87% Trend
Stock Turnover Ratio 28.98% 27.94% 36.92% 21.58% Trend 15.44% Trend 9.29% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability 0.17 Government Effectiveness 0.88 Regulatory Quality 0.66
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Control of Corruption 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.29 Trend 0.30 Trend
Government Effectiveness 0.95 0.99 0.88 0.88 Trend 0.85 Trend
Political Stability 0.06 0.16 0.17 0.17 Trend 0.17 Trend
Regulatory Quality 0.71 0.64 0.66 0.73 Trend 0.75 Trend
Rule of Law 0.53 0.56 0.57 0.61 Trend 0.62 Trend
Voice and Accountability -0.16 0.00 0.09 0.11 Trend 0.16 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $450 Infant Mortality Rate 6.8 Maternal Mortality Ratio 26.00
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Health Expenditure per Capita $477 $458 $450 $488 Trend $499 Trend
Hospital Beds 1.97 1.94 1.96 1.99 Trend 2.01 Trend
Infant Mortality Rate 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 Trend 6.8 Trend
Maternal Mortality Ratio 52.00 38.00 26.00 36.60 Trend 37.10 Trend
Physicians 2.27 2.29 2.34 2.52 Trend 2.59 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 95.77% Tertiary Enrollment 38.50% Education Spending 3.51%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Education Spending 3.50% 3.51% 3.19% Trend 3.02% Trend
Literacy Rate 95.77% 96.04% Trend
Primary Enrollment 89.79% 91.50% 90.36% 89.47% Trend 88.79% Trend 88.12% Trend
Tertiary Enrollment 36.99% 37.27% 38.50% 37.12% Trend 36.78% Trend 36.44% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 7.50%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
CO2 Emissions
CO2 per Capita
Electricity Access 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Trend 100.00% Trend
Energy Use per Capita 2,793 2,867 2,805 Trend
Forest Area 58.02% 57.87% 57.72% 57.41% Trend 57.26% Trend
Renewable Energy 7.50%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 98.02% Mobile Subscriptions 142.73 R&D Spending 0.95%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
High-tech Exports 58.28% 59.42% 58.63% 61.57% Trend 63.31% Trend 65.05% Trend
Internet Users 97.40% 97.69% 98.02% 101.25% Trend 103.03% Trend 104.82% Trend
Mobile Subscriptions 138.21 142.73 147.37 Trend 150.16 Trend
Patent Applications
R&D Spending
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 40.7 Poverty Rate 0.00% Income Share Top 10% 30.90%
Indicator 2015 2018 2021
Gini Index 41.1 41.2 40.7
Income Share Bottom 10% 2.30% 2.30% 2.30%
Income Share Top 10% 31.30% 31.20% 30.90%
Poverty Rate 0.10% 0.00% 0.00%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.