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Moldova
Moldova
HistorySaid – pattern
Moldova matched the Fiscal Dominance Trap pattern in 2022. 7 pattern matches detected historically. View →
HistorySaid – ranking
Moldova ranks 62nd globally by GDP ($18.2B in 2024). View →
HistorySaid – inflation
Inflation in Moldova fell from 13.4% (2023) to 4.7% (2024) – a 8.7pp shift. View →
HistorySaid – population
Moldova has a population of 2.4 million as of 2024 (growth: -2.26%). View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $18.2B
GDP per Capita $7,576
GDP Growth 0.10%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 8.11% | 7.08% | 7.11% | 6.05% Trend | 5.24% Trend | 4.44% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP | $14.5B | $16.7B | $18.2B | $19.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $21.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $25.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $27.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $30.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 18.86% | 9.28% | 6.57% | 10.79% Trend | 11.28% Trend | 11.77% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP Growth | -4.60% | 1.20% | 0.10% | 1.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $41.6B | $43.6B | $44.7B | $46.7B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $48.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $51.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $53.8B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $56.8B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $59.9B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $5,744 | $6,800 | $7,576 | $8,239 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,984 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $9,983 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $11,115 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $12,374 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $13,750 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $16,453 | $17,747 | $18,615 | $19,591 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $20,731 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $22,201 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23,809 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $25,565 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $27,431 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $14.6B | $17.0B | $18.3B | $19.9B Trend | $21.5B Trend | $23.0B Trend | – | – | – |
| GNI per Capita | $5,540 | $6,250 | $6,880 | $7,466 Trend | $8,068 Trend | $8,670 Trend | – | – | – |
| Gross Savings | 10.05% | 8.78% | 4.48% | 5.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.83% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 10.25% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 11.85% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 13.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Industry Value Added | 19.09% | 17.69% | 16.78% | 14.77% Trend | 13.20% Trend | 11.64% Trend | – | – | – |
| Services Value Added | 58.89% | 61.52% | 62.27% | 65.25% Trend | 67.57% Trend | 69.89% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 4.68%
Consumer Price Index 277.04
PPP Conversion Factor 7.24
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 233.35 | 264.66 | 277.04 | 313.52 Trend | 342.78 Trend | 372.04 Trend | – | – | – |
| Inflation Rate | 28.74% | 13.42% | 4.68% | 7.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 6.60 | 6.96 | 7.24 | 7.76 Trend | 8.19 Trend | 8.61 Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 2.4M
Population Growth -2.28%
Population Density 85.4
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 10.8 | – | – | 9.4 Trend | 8.9 Trend | – | – |
| Death Rate | 13.6 | – | – | 13.5 Trend | 13.3 Trend | – | – |
| Dependency Ratio | 55.30 | 56.25 | – | 57.33 Trend | 58.33 Trend | 59.32 Trend | – |
| Fertility Rate | 1.73 | – | – | 1.68 Trend | 1.66 Trend | – | – |
| Life Expectancy | 71.2 | – | – | 71.8 Trend | 72.2 Trend | – | – |
| Net Migration | -18,570 | -27,088 | -29,766 | – | -36,624 Trend | -47,521 Trend | -58,417 Trend |
| Population | 2.5M | 2.4M | – | 2.3M Trend | 2.3M Trend | 2.2M Trend | – |
| Population Density | 85.4 | – | – | 82.3 Trend | 80.5 Trend | – | – |
| Population Growth | -2.84% | -2.28% | – | -3.18% Trend | -3.55% Trend | -3.92% Trend | – |
| Refugee Population | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban Population | 43.00% | 43.52% | – | 44.08% Trend | 44.63% Trend | 45.19% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 1.51%
Youth Unemployment 4.20%
Labor Force Participation 72.29%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 51.12% | 50.84% | 50.50% | – | 47.87% Trend | 46.19% Trend | 44.52% Trend | – | – |
| Female Labor Participation | 70.06% | 72.18% | 72.33% | – | 72.55% Trend | 72.94% Trend | 73.34% Trend | – | – |
| Industry Employment | 13.32% | 12.57% | 12.55% | – | 12.83% Trend | 12.88% Trend | 12.93% Trend | – | – |
| Labor Force Participation | 70.79% | 72.16% | 72.29% | – | 71.81% Trend | 71.73% Trend | 71.65% Trend | – | – |
| Services Employment | 35.56% | 36.59% | 36.94% | – | 39.30% Trend | 40.93% Trend | 42.55% Trend | – | – |
| Unemployment Rate | 1.57% | 1.43% | 1.51% | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 4.03% | 4.50% | 4.20% | – | 5.40% Trend | 6.04% Trend | 6.68% Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 18.59%
Government Spending 34.47%
Military Spending 0.60%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -3.24% | -5.13% | -3.88% | -3.58% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.41% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -5.53% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -5.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.41% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.48% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Debt to GDP | 35.04% | 34.95% | 38.78% | 37.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 39.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 40.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 42.48% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 42.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 42.71% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 33.33% | 33.70% | 34.07% | 36.86% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 35.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 35.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 35.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 35.38% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 35.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | 32.25% | 34.47% | – | 36.30% Trend | 37.50% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Health Spending | 6.97% | 6.74% | – | 7.17% Trend | 7.21% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Military Spending | 0.36% | 0.57% | 0.60% | 0.64% Trend | 0.71% Trend | 0.77% Trend | – | – | – |
| Tax Revenue | 18.92% | 18.59% | – | 19.44% Trend | 19.73% Trend | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $10.5B
External Debt to GNI 57.15%
Short-term Debt 21.30%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 10.11% | 19.09% | 16.62% | 16.48% Trend | 16.83% Trend | 17.18% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | 29.37% | 28.64% | 32.04% | 30.51% Trend | 30.66% Trend | 30.81% Trend |
| External Debt | $9.8B | $10.7B | $10.5B | $11.6B Trend | $12.3B Trend | $12.9B Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 66.86% | 62.80% | 57.15% | 57.32% Trend | 55.20% Trend | 53.08% Trend |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | 3.12% | 5.62% | – | 5.78% Trend | 6.37% Trend | – |
| Short-term Debt | 25.10% | 26.47% | 21.30% | 22.66% Trend | 21.95% Trend | 21.25% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 8.91%
Deposit Rate 3.34%
Real Interest Rate 2.20%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 27.51% | 25.58% | 29.33% | 27.43% Trend | 27.27% Trend | 27.11% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 9.32% | 6.97% | 3.34% | 6.14% Trend | 6.39% Trend | 6.64% Trend |
| Lending Rate | 11.80% | 12.33% | 8.91% | 11.64% Trend | 12.28% Trend | 12.92% Trend |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 5.27% | 18.32% | 13.73% | 12.21% Trend | 11.73% Trend | 11.25% Trend |
| Non-Performing Loans | 6.44% | 5.56% | – | 4.07% Trend | 3.39% Trend | – |
| Real Interest Rate | -5.94% | 2.80% | 2.20% | 0.88% Trend | 1.01% Trend | 1.14% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 17.79
Real Effective Exchange Rate 180.67
Foreign Reserves $5.5B
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 18.90 | 18.16 | 17.79 | 18.40 Trend | 18.54 Trend | 18.68 Trend |
| Foreign Reserves | $4.5B | $5.5B | $5.5B | $6.1B Trend | $6.6B Trend | $7.1B Trend |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | 154.62 | 173.29 | 180.67 | 196.45 Trend | 210.67 Trend | 224.89 Trend |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 4.8 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.2 Trend | 5.0 Trend | 4.8 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $5.7B
Imports $10.4B
Trade Balance $-4.7B
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | -17.09% | -11.06% | -16.55% | -19.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -20.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -19.20% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -17.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -16.32% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -14.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $6.0B | $5.9B | $5.7B | $7.0B Trend | $7.7B Trend | $8.4B Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Inflows | 4.03% | 2.16% | 2.52% | 3.08% Trend | 3.25% Trend | 3.41% Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Outflows | 0.31% | 0.07% | 0.54% | 0.50% Trend | 0.60% Trend | 0.70% Trend | – | – | – |
| Imports | $10.3B | $9.8B | $10.4B | $12.2B Trend | $13.2B Trend | $14.3B Trend | – | – | – |
| Remittances Received | $2.0B | $2.0B | $1.9B | $2.0B Trend | $2.0B Trend | $2.0B Trend | – | – | – |
| Tourism Receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Trade Balance | $-4.3B | $-4.0B | $-4.7B | $-5.2B Trend | $-5.6B Trend | $-6.0B Trend | – | – | – |
| Trade Openness | 112.12% | 93.99% | 88.67% | 99.80% Trend | 102.23% Trend | 104.67% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 2.48% | 5.37% | 5.57% | 5.50% Trend | 5.89% Trend | 6.27% Trend |
| Listed Companies | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Market Capitalization | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability -0.68
Government Effectiveness -0.16
Regulatory Quality 0.11
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.47 | -0.34 | -0.28 | -0.07 Trend | 0.03 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.44 | -0.31 | -0.16 | -0.07 Trend | 0.01 Trend |
| Political Stability | -0.21 | -0.66 | -0.68 | -0.82 Trend | -0.91 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.20 Trend | 0.24 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -0.36 | -0.29 | -0.15 | -0.02 Trend | 0.07 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.38 Trend | 0.46 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $452
Infant Mortality Rate 13.5
Maternal Mortality Ratio 19.00
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $404 | $394 | $452 | $538 Trend | $580 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | 5.73 | 5.69 | 5.54 | 5.50 Trend | 5.46 Trend |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.4 Trend | 13.4 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 24.00 | 19.00 | 19.00 | 16.80 Trend | 15.40 Trend |
| Physicians | 4.04 | 4.15 | 4.02 | 4.08 Trend | 4.09 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 99.36%
Tertiary Enrollment 74.71%
Education Spending 6.63%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | 6.11% | 6.63% | – | 6.40% Trend | 6.43% Trend | – |
| Literacy Rate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Primary Enrollment | 106.97% | 106.67% | 107.61% | 107.53% Trend | 107.74% Trend | 107.94% Trend |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 68.06% | 71.17% | 74.71% | 80.33% Trend | 85.01% Trend | 89.69% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 21.40%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | – | – | – | – | – |
| CO2 per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% Trend | 100.00% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 1,612 | 1,423 | 1,297 | 1,280 Trend | 1,236 Trend |
| Forest Area | 11.75% | 11.75% | 11.74% | 11.74% Trend | 11.73% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | 21.40% | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 80.21%
Mobile Subscriptions 130.77
R&D Spending 0.22%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 2.14% | 2.62% | 2.93% | 2.96% Trend | 3.13% Trend | 3.31% Trend |
| Internet Users | 76.74% | 80.21% | – | 94.86% Trend | 101.20% Trend | – |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 137.18 | 130.77 | – | 146.93 Trend | 152.43 Trend | – |
| Patent Applications | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| R&D Spending | 0.23% | 0.22% | – | 0.22% Trend | 0.21% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 26.8
Poverty Rate 0.10%
Income Share Top 10% 22.80%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 25.7 | 25.9 | 26.8 | 26.9 Trend | 27.1 Trend |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 4.30% | 4.50% | 4.30% | 4.38% Trend | 4.38% Trend |
| Income Share Top 10% | 22.10% | 22.50% | 22.80% | 23.22% Trend | 23.48% Trend |
| Poverty Rate | 0.20% | 0.00% | 0.10% | 0.14% Trend | 0.16% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.