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Mongolia
Mongolia
HistorySaid – pattern
Mongolia matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2023. 9 pattern matches detected historically. View →
HistorySaid – ranking
Mongolia ranks 72nd globally by GDP ($23.8B in 2024). View →
HistorySaid – inflation
Inflation in Mongolia fell from 10.3% (2023) to 6.2% (2024) – a 4.1pp shift. View →
HistorySaid – population
Mongolia has a population of 3.5 million as of 2024 (growth: 1.25%). View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $23.8B
GDP per Capita $6,751
GDP Growth 5.12%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 13.03% | 9.92% | 7.29% | 6.90% Trend | 5.44% Trend | 3.98% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP | $17.1B | $20.3B | $23.8B | $25.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $26.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $28.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $29.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $30.9B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $32.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 17.71% | 21.77% | 8.93% | 18.65% Trend | 20.43% Trend | 22.21% Trend | – | – | – |
| GDP Growth | 5.03% | 7.42% | 5.12% | 5.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.28% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $56.3B | $62.7B | $67.5B | $73.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $78.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $84.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $90.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $96.2B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $102.9B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $4,994 | $5,839 | $6,751 | $7,005 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $7,320 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $7,637 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $7,955 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,260 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,588 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $16,402 | $18,005 | $19,145 | $20,378 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $21,649 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $22,965 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $24,305 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $25,688 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $27,184 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $15.5B | $18.1B | $21.1B | $22.9B Trend | $25.2B Trend | $27.6B Trend | – | – | – |
| GNI per Capita | $4,340 | $4,870 | $5,380 | $5,762 Trend | $6,218 Trend | $6,674 Trend | – | – | – |
| Gross Savings | 27.18% | 33.46% | 25.64% | 19.10% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.83% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.45% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Industry Value Added | 35.31% | 39.54% | 38.14% | 38.82% Trend | 39.28% Trend | 39.74% Trend | – | – | – |
| Services Value Added | 40.98% | 41.04% | 44.34% | 44.03% Trend | 44.94% Trend | 45.85% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 6.21%
Consumer Price Index 294.19
PPP Conversion Factor 1,195.34
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 251.02 | 276.99 | 294.19 | 321.03 Trend | 345.16 Trend | 369.29 Trend | – | – | – |
| Inflation Rate | 15.15% | 10.35% | 6.21% | 8.27% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 8.10% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.90% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 6.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 6.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 956.17 | 1,123.87 | 1,195.34 | 1,293.60 Trend | 1,393.62 Trend | 1,493.65 Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 3.5M
Population Growth 1.25%
Population Density 2.2
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 19.0 | – | – | 15.7 Trend | 14.2 Trend | – | – |
| Death Rate | 5.5 | – | – | 5.7 Trend | 5.8 Trend | – | – |
| Dependency Ratio | 60.00 | 59.57 | – | 60.13 Trend | 60.30 Trend | 60.47 Trend | – |
| Fertility Rate | 2.70 | – | – | 2.50 Trend | 2.42 Trend | – | – |
| Life Expectancy | 72.1 | – | – | 72.7 Trend | 73.0 Trend | – | – |
| Net Migration | 0 | 83 | 79 | – | 105 Trend | 129 Trend | 153 Trend |
| Population | 3.5M | 3.5M | – | 3.6M Trend | 3.6M Trend | 3.7M Trend | – |
| Population Density | 2.2 | – | – | 2.3 Trend | 2.3 Trend | – | – |
| Population Growth | 1.37% | 1.25% | – | 1.08% Trend | 0.94% Trend | 0.80% Trend | – |
| Refugee Population | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban Population | 70.45% | 70.96% | – | 71.79% Trend | 72.48% Trend | 73.18% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 5.23%
Youth Unemployment 11.71%
Labor Force Participation 59.69%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 28.39% | 27.26% | 27.00% | – | 26.17% Trend | 25.49% Trend | 24.80% Trend | – | – |
| Female Labor Participation | 52.47% | 52.10% | 51.46% | – | 50.98% Trend | 50.39% Trend | 49.80% Trend | – | – |
| Industry Employment | 22.63% | 22.93% | 23.09% | – | 23.43% Trend | 23.67% Trend | 23.92% Trend | – | – |
| Labor Force Participation | 60.83% | 60.31% | 59.69% | – | 59.33% Trend | 58.80% Trend | 58.27% Trend | – | – |
| Services Employment | 48.98% | 49.81% | 49.91% | – | 50.40% Trend | 50.84% Trend | 51.28% Trend | – | – |
| Unemployment Rate | 5.18% | 5.16% | 5.23% | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 11.61% | 11.54% | 11.71% | – | 9.71% Trend | 8.76% Trend | 7.82% Trend | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 16.85%
Government Spending 31.70%
Military Spending 0.74%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | 0.67% | 2.73% | 1.39% | -0.69% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -1.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -2.62% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Debt to GDP | 64.57% | 46.71% | 44.06% | 46.57% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 49.73% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 53.03% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 56.06% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 58.48% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 59.93% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 34.39% | 34.62% | 38.90% | 34.90% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 34.26% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 32.98% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 32.37% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 32.46% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 32.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Health Spending | 8.85% | 6.07% | – | 9.19% Trend | 9.93% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Military Spending | 0.51% | 0.54% | 0.74% | 0.62% Trend | 0.62% Trend | 0.62% Trend | – | – | – |
| Tax Revenue | 15.77% | 14.30% | 16.85% | 16.44% Trend | 16.72% Trend | 17.00% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $38.0B
External Debt to GNI 181.86%
Short-term Debt 6.18%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 35.33% | 31.63% | 32.04% | 32.28% Trend | 32.29% Trend | 32.30% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| External Debt | $33.7B | $35.0B | $38.0B | $38.1B Trend | $39.2B Trend | $40.3B Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 217.36% | 193.63% | 181.86% | 150.69% Trend | 125.49% Trend | 100.29% Trend |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | 4.16% | 4.46% | 4.26% | 2.38% Trend | 1.32% Trend | 0.26% Trend |
| Short-term Debt | 5.69% | 5.46% | 6.18% | 6.83% Trend | 7.42% Trend | 8.02% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 16.01%
Deposit Rate 6.60%
Real Interest Rate 1.39%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 47.49% | 40.98% | 38.61% | 34.20% Trend | 31.66% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 6.60% | – | – | – | – |
| Lending Rate | 16.01% | – | – | – | – |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 13.82% | 6.46% | 26.83% | 25.79% Trend | 28.65% Trend |
| Non-Performing Loans | – | – | – | – | – |
| Real Interest Rate | 1.39% | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 3,389.98
Foreign Reserves $5.5B
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 3,140.68 | 3,465.74 | 3,389.98 | 3,662.74 Trend | 3,839.73 Trend | 4,016.71 Trend |
| Foreign Reserves | $3.4B | $4.9B | $5.5B | $5.3B Trend | $5.5B Trend | $5.8B Trend |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.2 Trend | 1.5 Trend | 0.9 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $16.4B
Imports $16.6B
Trade Balance $-241.6M
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | -13.43% | 0.60% | -10.45% | -14.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -13.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -12.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -12.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -12.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -12.55% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $11.0B | $15.5B | $16.4B | $19.1B Trend | $21.5B Trend | $23.9B Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Inflows | 14.61% | 11.06% | 11.69% | 11.22% Trend | 10.66% Trend | 10.10% Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Outflows | 0.44% | 0.37% | 0.23% | 0.31% Trend | 0.28% Trend | 0.25% Trend | – | – | – |
| Imports | $12.1B | $13.5B | $16.6B | $18.6B Trend | $20.9B Trend | $23.2B Trend | – | – | – |
| Remittances Received | $399.2M | $455.3M | $527.7M | $463.0M Trend | $457.2M Trend | $451.3M Trend | – | – | – |
| Tourism Receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Trade Balance | $-1.1B | $2.0B | $-241.6M | $473.0M Trend | $585.3M Trend | $697.7M Trend | – | – | – |
| Trade Openness | 136.33% | 142.86% | 138.45% | 152.41% Trend | 159.91% Trend | 167.41% Trend | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
▾
| Indicator | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 6.04% | 6.67% | 9.41% |
| Listed Companies | – | – | – |
| Market Capitalization | – | – | – |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability 0.59
Government Effectiveness -0.47
Regulatory Quality -0.18
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.55 | -0.56 | -0.49 | -0.57 Trend | -0.58 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.52 | -0.42 | -0.47 | -0.61 Trend | -0.65 Trend |
| Political Stability | 0.71 | 0.53 | 0.59 | 0.53 Trend | 0.50 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.25 | -0.27 | -0.18 | -0.37 Trend | -0.42 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -0.25 | -0.19 | -0.18 | -0.14 Trend | -0.12 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.20 Trend | 0.18 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $360
Infant Mortality Rate 11.4
Maternal Mortality Ratio 41.00
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $330 | $448 | $360 | $538 Trend | $597 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | 10.57 | 8.75 | 8.58 | 9.53 Trend | 9.71 Trend |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 10.6 Trend | 10.3 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 63.00 | 41.00 | 41.00 | 41.80 Trend | 40.40 Trend |
| Physicians | 3.88 | 4.13 | – | 4.52 Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 98.64%
Tertiary Enrollment 69.04%
Education Spending 3.66%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | – | 3.66% | – | 3.44% Trend | 3.32% Trend | – |
| Literacy Rate | 98.73% | 98.64% | – | 98.82% Trend | 98.81% Trend | – |
| Primary Enrollment | 93.35% | 93.07% | 92.34% | 92.93% Trend | 93.04% Trend | 93.14% Trend |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 67.70% | 67.94% | 69.04% | 69.50% Trend | 70.11% Trend | 70.72% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 3.00%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | – | – | – | – | – |
| CO2 per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.76% Trend | 101.03% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 1,924 | 1,891 | – | 1,946 Trend | – |
| Forest Area | 9.10% | 9.10% | 9.09% | 9.09% Trend | 9.09% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | 3.00% | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 83.02%
Mobile Subscriptions 141.09
R&D Spending 0.08%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 22.02% | 30.81% | 22.54% | 33.47% Trend | 36.97% Trend |
| Internet Users | 81.61% | 82.17% | 83.02% | 105.49% Trend | 113.85% Trend |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 140.35 | 142.81 | 141.09 | 146.29 Trend | 148.18 Trend |
| Patent Applications | 109 | – | – | – | – |
| R&D Spending | 0.10% | 0.08% | – | 0.09% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 31.4
Poverty Rate 0.40%
Income Share Top 10% 24.60%
▾
| Indicator | 2016 | 2018 | 2022 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 32.3 | 32.7 | 31.4 | 30.9 Trend |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 3.30% | 3.30% | 3.40% | 3.49% Trend |
| Income Share Top 10% | 25.60% | 25.70% | 24.60% | 24.38% Trend |
| Poverty Rate | 1.90% | 1.70% | 0.40% | 0.81% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.