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Thailand

Upper middle income · Population 71,668,011.00 · GDP 526,517,658,841.68
HistorySaid – pattern

Thailand matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2017. 9 pattern matches detected historically. View →

HistorySaid – ranking

Thailand ranks 161st globally by GDP ($526.5B in 2024). View →

HistorySaid – inflation

Inflation in Thailand fell from 8.5% (2023) to 1.4% (2024) – a 7.1pp shift. View →

HistorySaid – population

Thailand has a population of 71.7 million as of 2024 (growth: -0.05%). View →

Economy & Growth
GDP $526.5B GDP per Capita $7,347 GDP Growth 2.54%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Value Added 8.72% 8.56% 8.71% 8.64% Trend 8.63% Trend 8.62% Trend
GDP $495.6B $515.9B $526.5B $558.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $561.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $580.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $603.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $627.7B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $654.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP Deflator 4.66% 1.27% 0.93% 2.66% Trend 3.05% Trend 3.45% Trend
GDP Growth 2.58% 2.02% 2.54% 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.19% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.31% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.45% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP PPP $1.60T $1.69T $1.77T $1.85T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.92T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $1.99T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.07T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.16T IMF WEO Oct 2025 $2.25T IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita $6,909 $7,195 $7,347 $7,942 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $7,979 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $8,248 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $8,566 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $8,917 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $9,291 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita PPP $22,243 $23,519 $24,712 $26,359 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $27,245 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $28,300 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $29,422 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $30,670 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $32,022 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GNI $479.9B $503.0B $510.4B $511.2B Trend $516.9B Trend $522.5B Trend
GNI per Capita $7,210 $7,190 $7,100 $7,248 Trend $7,298 Trend $7,348 Trend
Gross Savings 26.31% 25.32% 23.78% 19.37% IMF WEO Oct 2025 20.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 22.19% IMF WEO Oct 2025 22.87% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.26% IMF WEO Oct 2025 23.46% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Industry Value Added 35.12% 32.98% 32.14% 32.40% Trend 31.97% Trend 31.53% Trend
Services Value Added 56.16% 58.46% 59.15% 58.95% Trend 59.40% Trend 59.85% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 1.37% Consumer Price Index 123.00 PPP Conversion Factor 10.49
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Consumer Price Index 111.86 121.34 123.00 125.15 Trend 128.05 Trend 130.96 Trend
Inflation Rate -1.61% 8.48% 1.37% 0.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 0.71% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025
PPP Conversion Factor 10.89 10.65 10.49 10.22 Trend 9.98 Trend 9.75 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 71.7M Population Growth -0.05% Population Density 140.3
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028
Birth Rate 8.2 7.8 Trend 7.6 Trend
Death Rate 8.9 10.0 Trend 10.5 Trend
Dependency Ratio 42.47 43.09 43.55 Trend 44.08 Trend 44.61 Trend
Fertility Rate 1.21 1.17 Trend 1.15 Trend
Life Expectancy 76.4 75.3 Trend 75.0 Trend
Net Migration 19,648 23,321 27,509 36,266 Trend 42,350 Trend 48,435 Trend
Population 71.7M 71.7M 71.7M Trend 71.7M Trend 71.7M Trend
Population Density 140.3 140.6 Trend 140.7 Trend
Population Growth -0.05% -0.05% -0.14% Trend -0.20% Trend -0.26% Trend
Refugee Population
Urban Population 60.93% 61.87% 63.17% Trend 64.33% Trend 65.50% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 0.78% Youth Unemployment 4.53% Labor Force Participation 66.68%
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Employment 30.22% 28.99% 28.56% 27.58% Trend 26.77% Trend 25.96% Trend
Female Labor Participation 60.31% 59.47% 58.96% 59.34% Trend 59.29% Trend 59.23% Trend
Industry Employment 21.92% 22.25% 22.24% 22.17% Trend 22.16% Trend 22.16% Trend
Labor Force Participation 67.81% 67.13% 66.68% 66.97% Trend 66.91% Trend 66.85% Trend
Services Employment 47.86% 48.76% 49.21% 50.25% Trend 51.07% Trend 51.88% Trend
Unemployment Rate 0.73% 0.78% 0.78% 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Youth Unemployment 4.49% 4.66% 4.53% 3.99% Trend 3.67% Trend 3.35% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 15.26% Government Spending 20.77% Military Spending 1.08%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Budget Deficit -4.61% -1.98% -1.29% -2.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -2.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -2.45% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -2.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -2.39% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -2.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Education Spending
Government Debt to GDP 60.55% 62.32% 63.20% 64.94% IMF WEO Oct 2025 66.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025 67.73% IMF WEO Oct 2025 68.31% IMF WEO Oct 2025 68.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025 68.89% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Revenue 20.05% 20.86% 21.42% 20.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 20.94% IMF WEO Oct 2025 20.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 21.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 21.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025 21.02% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Spending 22.23% 20.77% 23.37% Trend 23.73% Trend
Health Spending 5.35% 4.54% 5.64% Trend 5.89% Trend
Military Spending 1.24% 1.13% 1.08% 0.95% Trend 0.85% Trend 0.74% Trend
Tax Revenue 15.14% 15.49% 15.26% 15.39% Trend 15.44% Trend 15.50% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $191.8B External Debt to GNI 37.49% Short-term Debt 36.17%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Debt Service 7.94% 11.96% 4.68% 7.47% Trend 7.42% Trend 7.37% Trend
Domestic Credit 196.18% 197.44% 196.48% 197.01% Trend 196.81% Trend 196.61% Trend
External Debt $201.1B $194.7B $191.8B $196.6B Trend $197.4B Trend $198.2B Trend
External Debt to GNI 41.90% 38.71% 37.49% 38.43% Trend 38.13% Trend 37.84% Trend
Interest Payments to Revenue 6.76% 5.70% 5.76% 6.25% Trend 6.37% Trend 6.49% Trend
Short-term Debt 33.98% 35.36% 36.17% 36.36% Trend 37.01% Trend 37.66% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 4.17% Deposit Rate 1.63% Real Interest Rate 3.21%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Credit to GDP 156.45% 154.14% 147.98% 146.29% Trend 142.87% Trend 139.45% Trend
Deposit Rate 0.51% 1.37% 1.63% 1.81% Trend 2.11% Trend 2.40% Trend
Lending Rate 3.14% 4.29% 4.17% 4.48% Trend 4.78% Trend 5.08% Trend
M2 Money Supply Growth 3.88% 1.95% 3.37% -0.10% Trend -1.74% Trend -3.38% Trend
Non-Performing Loans 2.84% 2.76% 2.56% Trend 2.45% Trend
Real Interest Rate -1.45% 2.97% 3.21% 1.77% Trend 1.66% Trend 1.54% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 35.29 Real Effective Exchange Rate 100.98 Foreign Reserves $236.9B
Indicator 2024 2025 2026 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Exchange Rate 35.29 36.93 Trend 38.02 Trend 39.10 Trend
Foreign Reserves $236.9B $217.2B Trend $210.8B Trend $204.5B Trend
Real Effective Exchange Rate 94.16 98.13 100.98 101.65 Trend 103.39 Trend 105.14 Trend
Reserves in Months of Imports 7.5 5.4 Trend 4.3 Trend 3.2 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $369.2B Imports $349.9B Trade Balance $17.7B
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Current Account Balance -3.43% 1.64% 2.21% 1.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.25% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 1.95% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Exports $323.9B $338.5B $369.2B $397.0B Trend $423.8B Trend $450.5B Trend
FDI Inflows 2.39% 2.00% 2.72% 3.69% Trend 4.30% Trend 4.91% Trend
FDI Outflows 1.54% 2.65% 1.40% 0.90% Trend 0.32% Trend -0.25% Trend
Imports $334.4B $327.2B $349.9B $387.9B Trend $414.5B Trend $441.2B Trend
Remittances Received $8.9B $9.7B $9.5B $10.2B Trend $10.6B Trend $11.0B Trend
Tourism Receipts
Trade Balance $-10.5B $10.7B $17.7B $7.0B Trend $6.5B Trend $6.0B Trend
Trade Openness 132.86% 128.82% 136.75% 149.54% Trend 158.48% Trend 167.43% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 98.70% Stock Turnover Ratio 58.09% Listed Companies 860
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Interest Rate Spread 2.63% 2.91% 2.54% 2.68% Trend 2.68% Trend 2.67% Trend
Listed Companies 810 840 860 895 Trend 925 Trend 955 Trend
Market Capitalization 121.93% 100.72% 98.70% 98.46% Trend 94.73% Trend 91.01% Trend
Stock Turnover Ratio 79.13% 65.96% 58.09% 49.85% Trend 40.36% Trend 30.87% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability -0.28 Government Effectiveness 0.17 Regulatory Quality 0.16
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Control of Corruption -0.48 -0.45 -0.49 -0.48 Trend -0.48 Trend
Government Effectiveness 0.22 0.13 0.17 0.10 Trend 0.07 Trend
Political Stability -0.57 -0.39 -0.28 -0.22 Trend -0.16 Trend
Regulatory Quality 0.08 0.17 0.16 0.27 Trend 0.32 Trend
Rule of Law 0.09 0.07 0.24 0.23 Trend 0.25 Trend
Voice and Accountability -0.79 -0.62 -0.45 -0.31 Trend -0.21 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $327 Infant Mortality Rate 8.0 Maternal Mortality Ratio 34.00
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Health Expenditure per Capita $364 $370 $327 $387 Trend $402 Trend
Hospital Beds 2.34 2.39 2.39 2.50 Trend 2.55 Trend
Infant Mortality Rate 8.5 8.3 8.0 7.5 Trend 7.2 Trend
Maternal Mortality Ratio 38.00 112.00 34.00 81.20 Trend 88.80 Trend
Physicians 0.54
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 91.10% Tertiary Enrollment 49.08% Education Spending 2.52%
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028
Education Spending 2.52% 2.24% Trend 2.09% Trend
Literacy Rate 90.59% Trend
Primary Enrollment 102.57% 101.00% 100.73% 99.67% Trend 98.71% Trend 97.75% Trend
Tertiary Enrollment 45.44% 44.98% 49.08% 49.13% Trend 50.42% Trend 51.71% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 19.00%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
CO2 Emissions
CO2 per Capita
Electricity Access 100.00% 99.90% 100.00% 100.00% Trend 100.01% Trend
Energy Use per Capita 1,848 1,867 1,851 1,771 Trend 1,741 Trend
Forest Area 38.83% 38.76% 38.69% 38.55% Trend 38.48% Trend
Renewable Energy 19.00%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 90.87% Mobile Subscriptions 168.64 R&D Spending 1.16%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
High-tech Exports 25.84% 26.05% 28.31% 27.31% Trend 27.58% Trend 27.85% Trend
Internet Users 87.98% 89.54% 90.87% 95.39% Trend 98.42% Trend 101.45% Trend
Mobile Subscriptions 176.22 168.64 166.88 Trend 165.75 Trend
Patent Applications
R&D Spending 1.16% 1.27% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 33.5 Poverty Rate 0.00% Income Share Top 10% 26.10%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Gini Index 34.9 34.3 33.5 33.1 Trend 32.8 Trend
Income Share Bottom 10% 3.20% 3.30% 3.40% 3.40% Trend 3.43% Trend
Income Share Top 10% 27.10% 26.50% 26.10% 25.70% Trend 25.43% Trend
Poverty Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% -0.08% Trend -0.11% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.