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Botswana

Upper middle income · Population 2,521,139.00 · GDP 19,402,063,512.91
HistorySaid – pattern

Botswana matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2023. 19 pattern matches detected historically. View →

HistorySaid – ranking

Botswana ranks 63rd globally by GDP ($19.4B in 2024). View →

HistorySaid – inflation

Inflation in Botswana fell from 5.1% (2023) to 2.8% (2024) – a 2.2pp shift. View →

HistorySaid – population

Botswana has a population of 2.5 million as of 2024 (growth: 1.65%). View →

Economy & Growth
GDP $19.4B GDP per Capita $7,696 GDP Growth -2.99%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Agriculture Value Added 1.58% 1.66% 1.71% 1.46% Trend 1.34% Trend 1.23% Trend
GDP $20.3B $19.4B $19.4B $19.2B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $20.7B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $22.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $24.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $26.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $28.8B IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP Deflator 14.62% 1.74% 2.78% 3.43% Trend 2.44% Trend 1.46% Trend
GDP Growth 5.49% 3.21% -2.99% -0.88% IMF WEO Oct 2025 2.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 5.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.89% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.95% IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP PPP $48.7B $52.1B $51.8B $52.7B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $54.8B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $58.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $62.2B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $66.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 $71.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita $8,329 $7,826 $7,696 $6,943 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $7,379 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $7,840 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $8,351 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $9,001 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $9,678 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GDP per Capita PPP $19,977 $21,012 $20,538 $19,053 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $19,536 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $20,467 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $21,524 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $22,650 IMF WEO Oct 2025 $23,875 IMF WEO Oct 2025
GNI $20.4B $19.4B $19.4B $21.5B Trend $22.4B Trend $23.4B Trend
GNI per Capita $8,250 $8,360 $7,750 $8,637 Trend $8,950 Trend $9,263 Trend
Gross Savings 36.68% 35.57% 33.39% 29.27% IMF WEO Oct 2025 28.52% IMF WEO Oct 2025 29.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 29.71% IMF WEO Oct 2025 29.09% IMF WEO Oct 2025 28.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Industry Value Added 37.46% 34.07% 29.36% 34.03% Trend 34.67% Trend 35.31% Trend
Services Value Added 56.43% 59.19% 63.49% 59.29% Trend 58.70% Trend 58.11% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 2.82% Consumer Price Index 197.39 PPP Conversion Factor 5.08
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Consumer Price Index 182.72 191.98 197.39 213.05 Trend 224.85 Trend 236.64 Trend
Inflation Rate 11.67% 5.07% 2.82% 3.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025 4.50% IMF WEO Oct 2025
PPP Conversion Factor 5.16 5.06 5.08 5.25 Trend 5.35 Trend 5.44 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 2.5M Population Growth 1.64% Population Density 4.4
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2025 2026 2027 2028
Birth Rate 24.7 24.4 Trend 24.2 Trend
Death Rate 5.7 5.8 Trend 5.6 Trend
Dependency Ratio 56.86 56.66 56.16 Trend 55.82 Trend 55.47 Trend
Fertility Rate 2.73 2.65 Trend 2.61 Trend
Life Expectancy 69.2 69.2 Trend 69.8 Trend
Net Migration -6,487 -5,778 -5,665 -6,355 Trend -6,518 Trend -6,682 Trend
Population 2.5M 2.5M 2.6M Trend 2.6M Trend 2.6M Trend
Population Density 4.4 4.5 Trend 4.6 Trend
Population Growth 1.64% 1.64% 1.72% Trend 1.78% Trend 1.83% Trend
Refugee Population
Urban Population 67.02% 67.46% 67.57% Trend 67.82% Trend 68.07% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 24.48% Youth Unemployment 46.00% Labor Force Participation 68.80%
Indicator 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Agriculture Employment 18.00% 18.11% 18.03% 18.27% Trend 18.41% Trend 18.54% Trend
Female Labor Participation 63.43% 63.45% 63.71% 65.81% Trend 67.11% Trend 68.42% Trend
Industry Employment 15.79% 15.75% 15.77% 15.70% Trend 15.67% Trend 15.64% Trend
Labor Force Participation 68.28% 68.57% 68.80% 70.92% Trend 72.27% Trend 73.63% Trend
Services Employment 66.21% 66.14% 66.20% 66.03% Trend 65.92% Trend 65.82% Trend
Unemployment Rate 23.38% 23.81% 24.48%
Youth Unemployment 44.36% 45.30% 46.00% 46.72% Trend 47.52% Trend 48.32% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 22.49% Government Spending 26.37% Military Spending 2.83%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Budget Deficit -0.01% -4.25% -7.78% -10.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -8.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -7.31% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -6.81% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -6.31% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -6.61% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Education Spending
Government Debt to GDP 20.99% 22.51% 29.87% 38.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 44.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 49.05% IMF WEO Oct 2025 51.71% IMF WEO Oct 2025 53.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 56.05% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Revenue 29.11% 28.19% 25.83% 24.09% IMF WEO Oct 2025 24.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 25.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025 24.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 24.69% IMF WEO Oct 2025 24.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Government Spending 25.09% 23.90% 26.37% 21.68% Trend 19.73% Trend 17.79% Trend
Health Spending 5.74% 6.26% 6.06% Trend 6.05% Trend
Military Spending 2.52% 2.46% 2.83% 2.36% Trend 2.20% Trend 2.04% Trend
Tax Revenue 19.65% 18.71% 22.49% 20.14% Trend 19.84% Trend 19.53% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $2.3B External Debt to GNI 11.93% Short-term Debt 6.24%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Debt Service 1.93% 3.67% 4.72% 4.29% Trend 4.65% Trend 5.01% Trend
Domestic Credit 37.02% 42.22% 50.95% 51.32% Trend 54.68% Trend 58.04% Trend
External Debt $2.0B $2.2B $2.3B $2.5B Trend $2.7B Trend $2.8B Trend
External Debt to GNI 9.84% 11.24% 11.93% 11.79% Trend 12.09% Trend 12.40% Trend
Interest Payments to Revenue 2.18% 2.18% 3.43% 3.14% Trend 3.39% Trend 3.64% Trend
Short-term Debt 5.59% 13.29% 6.24% 6.54% Trend 5.62% Trend 4.70% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 6.26% Deposit Rate 2.35% Real Interest Rate 3.38%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Credit to GDP 29.89% 30.06% 32.93% 28.01% Trend 26.20% Trend 24.39% Trend
Deposit Rate 1.49% 2.95% 2.35% 2.89% Trend 3.20% Trend 3.51% Trend
Lending Rate 6.13% 6.74% 6.26% 6.78% Trend 7.03% Trend 7.28% Trend
M2 Money Supply Growth 6.79% 9.35% 4.80% 7.01% Trend 7.22% Trend 7.44% Trend
Non-Performing Loans 3.75% 3.67% 3.03% Trend 2.75% Trend
Real Interest Rate -7.40% 4.91% 3.38% 3.45% Trend 4.64% Trend 5.84% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 13.56 Foreign Reserves $3.5B
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Exchange Rate 12.37 13.60 13.56 14.43 Trend 15.10 Trend 15.78 Trend
Foreign Reserves $4.3B $4.8B $3.5B $3.5B Trend $3.2B Trend $2.9B Trend
Real Effective Exchange Rate
Reserves in Months of Imports 5.0 7.2 4.8 4.7 Trend 4.2 Trend 3.7 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $5.6B Imports $8.2B Trade Balance $-3.2B
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Current Account Balance -0.60% 1.49% -4.23% -7.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -5.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -4.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -2.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.86% IMF WEO Oct 2025 -1.09% IMF WEO Oct 2025
Exports $9.0B $6.5B $5.6B $6.9B Trend $6.9B Trend $6.9B Trend
FDI Inflows 3.49% 3.82% 2.41% 4.62% Trend 5.61% Trend 6.60% Trend
FDI Outflows 0.05% -0.02% 0.02% 0.21% Trend 0.32% Trend 0.43% Trend
Imports $8.8B $7.2B $8.2B $8.0B Trend $7.9B Trend $7.8B Trend
Remittances Received $62.2M $70.0M $128.3M $126.4M Trend $144.1M Trend $161.9M Trend
Tourism Receipts
Trade Balance $299.8M $-835.4M $-3.2B $-1.9B Trend $-2.1B Trend $-2.2B Trend
Trade Openness 85.61% 68.80% 71.11% 68.47% Trend 65.16% Trend 61.85% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 18.52% Stock Turnover Ratio 8.40% Listed Companies 23
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Interest Rate Spread 4.64% 3.79% 3.91% 3.89% Trend 3.83% Trend 3.77% Trend
Listed Companies 23 23 22 Trend 21 Trend
Market Capitalization 152.67% 18.52% 96.31% Trend 108.82% Trend
Stock Turnover Ratio 0.29% 8.40% 6.48% Trend 7.10% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability 1.04 Government Effectiveness 0.43 Regulatory Quality 0.50
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Control of Corruption 0.67 0.66 0.69 0.68 Trend 0.69 Trend
Government Effectiveness 0.32 0.44 0.43 0.50 Trend 0.54 Trend
Political Stability 1.04 1.07 1.04 1.03 Trend 1.03 Trend
Regulatory Quality 0.60 0.62 0.50 0.59 Trend 0.60 Trend
Rule of Law 0.45 0.46 0.39 0.42 Trend 0.42 Trend
Voice and Accountability 0.46 0.45 0.50 0.47 Trend 0.47 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $490 Infant Mortality Rate 38.2 Maternal Mortality Ratio 155.00
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
Health Expenditure per Capita $492 $478 $490 $534 Trend $554 Trend
Hospital Beds 2.39 2.36 2.25 Trend
Infant Mortality Rate 40.3 39.2 38.2 36.1 Trend 35.1 Trend
Maternal Mortality Ratio 165.00 120.00 155.00 180.40 Trend 193.60 Trend
Physicians 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.38 Trend 0.38 Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 81.19% Tertiary Enrollment 21.41% Education Spending 8.06%
Indicator 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Education Spending
Literacy Rate
Primary Enrollment 109.27% 108.55% Trend
Tertiary Enrollment 20.71% 20.57% 21.41% 20.47% Trend 20.21% Trend 19.95% Trend
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 27.40%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
CO2 Emissions
CO2 per Capita
Electricity Access 73.70% 75.90% 76.00% 79.86% Trend 81.45% Trend
Energy Use per Capita 1,143 1,165 975 Trend
Forest Area 26.71% 26.50% 26.29% 25.87% Trend 25.66% Trend
Renewable Energy 27.40%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 81.36% Mobile Subscriptions 179.03 R&D Spending 0.56%
Indicator 2021 2022 2023 2025 2026
High-tech Exports 0.33% 0.50% 0.54% 0.61% Trend 0.65% Trend
Internet Users 78.74% 80.37% 81.36% 94.59% Trend 99.67% Trend
Mobile Subscriptions 173.25 178.21 179.03 191.83 Trend 197.14 Trend
Patent Applications 3
R&D Spending
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 54.9 Poverty Rate 21.40% Income Share Top 10% 42.90%
Indicator 2002 2009 2015
Gini Index 61.5 56.9 54.9
Income Share Bottom 10% 1.00% 1.20% 1.40%
Income Share Top 10% 50.00% 46.50% 42.90%
Poverty Rate 34.80% 21.10% 21.40%
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.