Kazakhstan Government Debt to GDP
General government gross debt as % of GDP GGXWDG_NGDP
Kazakhstan's government debt to gdp was 24.81% in 2025, ranked 161st globally. This represents a 1.8% increase from 2024. Data from IMF WEO, covering 2002–2025.
Overview
Kazakhstan's government debt to gdp stood at 24.81% in 2025, a rise of +0.43% from 2024. The IMF projects 24.81% by 2025. Kazakhstan ranked 161st globally.
Kazakhstan’s government debt-to‑GDP ratio has risen steadily since the early 2000s, climbing from 17.59 % in 2002 to a peak of 26.36 % in 2020, before easing to 24.81 % in 2025, placing the country 161st in the world. The all‑time trough of 4.09 % in 2007 reflects a period of fiscal restraint prior to the global financial crisis, after which debt began to accumulate amid higher public spending and external shocks. The 2025 level is comparable to Estonia’s 24.41 % and Türkiye’s 24.29 %, suggesting that Kazakhstan now sits alongside middle‑income economies with moderate debt burdens. Over the 24‑year coverage span, the upward trajectory indicates a gradual shift toward higher fiscal leverage, driven by infrastructure projects and social programs. Future movements will hinge on the government’s ability to balance growth‑oriented spending with debt‑sustainability measures, which could either stabilize the ratio or prompt a renewed rise if fiscal deficits persist.
Data & projection
| Year | Government Debt to GDP | YoY change | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2030* IMF | 30.23% | - | - |
| 2029* IMF | 29.51% | - | - |
| 2028* IMF | 28.63% | - | - |
| 2027* IMF | 27.50% | - | - |
| 2026* IMF | 26.38% | - | - |
| 2025* IMF | 24.81% | - | - |
| 2025 | 24.81% | +0.43% | #161 |
| 2024 | 24.38% | +1.40% | #23 |
| 2023 | 22.98% | −0.54% | #20 |
| 2022 | 23.52% | −1.58% | #21 |
| 2021 | 25.10% | −1.26% | #19 |
| 2020 | 26.36% | +6.41% | #24 |
| 2019 | 19.94% | −0.32% | #17 |
| 2018 | 20.26% | +0.39% | #19 |
| 2017 | 19.87% | +0.19% | #17 |
| 2016 | 19.68% | −2.21% | #19 |
| 2015 | 21.88% | +7.39% | #27 |
| 2014 | 14.50% | +1.89% | #21 |
| 2013 | 12.60% | +0.48% | #19 |
| 2012 | 12.13% | +1.96% | #19 |
| 2011 | 10.16% | −0.52% | #14 |
Detected Pattern
Analysis
Kazakhstan matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2010. Historically, 71% of countries showing this pattern (546 out of 768) saw government debt to gdp improve within 24 months. View full analysis →
Frequently Asked Questions
Kazakhstan's government debt to gdp was 24.81% in 2025. Ranked 161st globally. This represents a 1.8% increase from the previous year.
Kazakhstan's government debt to gdp peaked at 26.36% in 2020.
The lowest government debt to gdp in Kazakhstan was 4.09% in 2007.
Kazakhstan ranks 161st globally in government debt to gdp as of 2025.
The World Bank indicator code is GGXWDG_NGDP. Data sourced from IMF WEO.
Kazakhstan's government debt to gdp is projected to reach 24.81% by 2025 based on IMF projection.
The government debt to gdp of Kazakhstan in 2025 was 24.81%. This ranks 161st in the world.
Cite this page
@misc{historysaid_kazakhstan_government-debt-to-gdp,
title = {Kazakhstan Government Debt to GDP},
url = {https://historysaid.com/kazakhstan/government-debt-to-gdp/},
publisher = {HistorySaid},
year = {2026}
}