Home
→
Tonga
Tonga
HistorySaid – pattern
Tonga matched the Fiscal Dominance Trap pattern in 2022. 4 pattern matches detected historically. View →
HistorySaid – ranking
Tonga ranks 7th globally by GDP ($591M in 2023). View →
HistorySaid – inflation
Inflation in Tonga fell from 6.4% (2023) to 3.2% (2024) – a 3.2pp shift. View →
HistorySaid – population
Tonga has a population of 104,175 as of 2024 (growth: -0.40%). View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $591.1M
GDP per Capita $5,652
GDP Growth 2.79%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 16.52% | 17.43% | 18.96% | 18.16% Trend | 18.27% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| GDP | $519.3M | $556.5M | $591.1M | $587.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $616.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $645.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $670.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $693.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $717.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 2.04% | 9.20% | 7.43% | 9.46% Trend | 10.57% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| GDP Growth | -0.93% | -2.13% | 2.79% | 2.73% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.34% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.83% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.55% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.21% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.21% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $731.0M | $766.4M | $816.1M | $802.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $836.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $865.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $893.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $920.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $948.0M IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $4,923 | $5,298 | $5,652 | $5,921 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6,221 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6,537 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $6,806 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $7,055 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $7,313 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $6,929 | $7,296 | $7,803 | $8,086 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,445 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $8,765 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $9,068 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $9,362 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $9,677 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $545.4M | $582.1M | $636.7M | $663.3M Trend | $686.9M Trend | – | – | – | – |
| GNI per Capita | $5,240 | $5,390 | $5,910 | $6,162 Trend | $6,366 Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Gross Savings | 26.80% | 27.50% | 18.65% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Industry Value Added | 16.30% | 17.24% | 14.87% | 16.30% Trend | 16.45% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Services Value Added | 50.69% | 49.43% | 49.99% | 49.41% Trend | 49.15% Trend | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 3.18%
Consumer Price Index 165.09
PPP Conversion Factor 1.71
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 150.44 | 159.99 | 165.09 | 177.27 Trend | 187.06 Trend | 196.86 Trend | – | – | – |
| Inflation Rate | 10.97% | 6.35% | 3.18% | 2.94% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.24% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.18% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.25% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.25% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.24% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1.65 | 1.71 | – | 1.68 Trend | 1.69 Trend | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 104,175
Population Growth -0.40%
Population Density 145.3
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 23.1 | – | – | 22.8 Trend | 22.6 Trend | – | – |
| Death Rate | 6.4 | – | – | 6.5 Trend | 6.5 Trend | – | – |
| Dependency Ratio | 73.09 | 72.77 | – | 72.97 Trend | 73.02 Trend | 73.07 Trend | – |
| Fertility Rate | 3.13 | – | – | 3.06 Trend | 3.02 Trend | – | – |
| Life Expectancy | 72.9 | – | – | 73.1 Trend | 73.2 Trend | – | – |
| Net Migration | -2,173 | -2,149 | -2,150 | – | -2,119 Trend | -2,098 Trend | -2,078 Trend |
| Population | 104,597 | 104,175 | – | 103,816 Trend | 103,421 Trend | 103,026 Trend | – |
| Population Density | 145.3 | – | – | 144.7 Trend | 144.3 Trend | – | – |
| Population Growth | -0.42% | -0.40% | – | -0.61% Trend | -0.72% Trend | -0.83% Trend | – |
| Refugee Population | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban Population | 21.15% | 21.15% | – | 20.85% Trend | 20.69% Trend | 20.53% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 2.01%
Youth Unemployment 6.03%
Labor Force Participation 49.81%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 24.78% | 24.24% | 23.61% | 22.68% Trend | 21.89% Trend | 21.10% Trend |
| Female Labor Participation | 42.62% | 42.50% | 42.35% | 42.35% Trend | 42.29% Trend | 42.23% Trend |
| Industry Employment | 23.04% | 23.29% | 23.34% | 21.46% Trend | 20.47% Trend | 19.49% Trend |
| Labor Force Participation | 50.60% | 50.20% | 49.81% | 49.15% Trend | 48.61% Trend | 48.07% Trend |
| Services Employment | 52.18% | 52.47% | 53.05% | 55.86% Trend | 57.63% Trend | 59.40% Trend |
| Unemployment Rate | 1.65% | 1.97% | 2.01% | – | – | – |
| Youth Unemployment | 4.63% | 5.99% | 6.03% | 5.58% Trend | 5.49% Trend | 5.41% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 20.45%
Government Spending 34.65%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -0.10% | 6.14% | 4.17% | 5.64% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -7.69% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -8.33% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -9.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -11.14% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -12.89% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Education Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government Debt to GDP | 43.22% | 43.26% | 36.96% | 31.64% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 37.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 44.61% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 52.76% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 62.12% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 72.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 44.28% | 54.32% | 55.50% | 59.97% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 43.76% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 42.13% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 40.41% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 38.84% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 36.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | 39.96% | 34.65% | – | 41.15% Trend | 42.80% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Health Spending | 7.95% | 7.36% | – | 8.99% Trend | 9.55% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Military Spending | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tax Revenue | 20.40% | 20.45% | – | 20.07% Trend | 19.94% Trend | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $173.2M
External Debt to GNI 35.44%
Short-term Debt 0.00%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 10.98% | 11.05% | 22.82% | 23.89% Trend | 28.27% Trend | 32.65% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| External Debt | $209.9M | $196.5M | $173.2M | $178.6M Trend | $171.6M Trend | $164.6M Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 38.60% | 35.44% | – | 38.21% Trend | 38.42% Trend | – |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | 1.11% | 1.26% | – | 0.76% Trend | 0.62% Trend | – |
| Short-term Debt | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% Trend | 0.00% Trend | 0.00% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 7.76%
Deposit Rate 1.55%
Real Interest Rate -0.45%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 35.97% | 35.65% | 34.80% | 34.09% Trend | 33.41% Trend | 32.73% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 1.65% | 1.54% | 1.55% | 1.33% Trend | 1.19% Trend | 1.05% Trend |
| Lending Rate | 7.86% | 7.74% | 7.76% | 7.74% Trend | 7.73% Trend | 7.71% Trend |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 3.61% | 1.99% | 7.99% | -0.50% Trend | -3.81% Trend | -7.12% Trend |
| Non-Performing Loans | 8.26% | 11.18% | – | 14.18% Trend | 16.23% Trend | – |
| Real Interest Rate | -1.23% | 0.29% | -0.45% | -4.16% Trend | -6.35% Trend | -8.54% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 2.37
Foreign Reserves $377.3M
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 2.33 | 2.36 | 2.37 | 2.40 Trend | 2.42 Trend | 2.45 Trend |
| Foreign Reserves | $375.6M | $396.5M | $377.3M | $419.5M Trend | $438.6M Trend | $457.7M Trend |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 13.0 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 11.4 Trend | 11.2 Trend | 11.0 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $104.4M
Imports $392.9M
Trade Balance $-296.4M
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | -8.46% | -7.93% | -6.72% | -5.20% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -6.39% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -6.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -6.84% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -6.92% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -6.93% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $44.5M | $81.3M | $104.4M | $90.6M Trend | $96.0M Trend | $101.5M Trend | – | – | – |
| FDI Inflows | 0.52% | 0.44% | – | 1.34% Trend | 1.65% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| FDI Outflows | 0.07% | 0.19% | – | 0.02% Trend | -0.02% Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Imports | $330.3M | $383.5M | $392.9M | $416.4M Trend | $440.5M Trend | $464.7M Trend | – | – | – |
| Remittances Received | $215.3M | $251.9M | $253.8M | $274.5M Trend | $290.9M Trend | $307.3M Trend | – | – | – |
| Tourism Receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Trade Balance | $-270.5M | $-296.4M | – | $-331.5M Trend | $-352.2M Trend | – | – | – | – |
| Trade Openness | 70.13% | 79.62% | – | 66.21% Trend | 63.36% Trend | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 6.21% | 6.19% | 6.21% | 6.42% Trend | 6.54% Trend | 6.66% Trend |
| Listed Companies | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Market Capitalization | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability 1.09
Government Effectiveness -0.12
Regulatory Quality -0.39
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.43 | -0.42 | -0.31 | -0.38 Trend | -0.38 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.31 | -0.17 | -0.12 | -0.33 Trend | -0.44 Trend |
| Political Stability | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.12 Trend | 1.13 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.32 | -0.35 | -0.39 | -0.40 Trend | -0.41 Trend |
| Rule of Law | 0.43 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.59 Trend | 0.61 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 1.02 Trend | 1.08 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $358
Infant Mortality Rate 8.0
Maternal Mortality Ratio 67.00
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $349 | $383 | $358 | $444 Trend | $475 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | – | – | – | – | – |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.5 Trend | 7.3 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 76.00 | 72.00 | 67.00 | 66.80 Trend | 65.40 Trend |
| Physicians | 1.01 | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 91.05%
Tertiary Enrollment 42.86%
Education Spending 5.31%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | 5.31% | – | – | 5.77% Trend | – | – |
| Literacy Rate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Primary Enrollment | 106.54% | 109.61% | 108.79% | 107.54% Trend | 107.11% Trend | 106.67% Trend |
| Tertiary Enrollment | – | 42.86% | – | 37.62% Trend | 39.02% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 2.30%
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | – | – | – | – | – |
| CO2 per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.98% Trend | 101.31% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | – | – | – | – | – |
| Forest Area | 12.43% | 12.43% | 12.43% | 12.43% Trend | 12.43% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | 1.80% | 2.30% | – | 2.42% Trend | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 58.53%
Mobile Subscriptions 61.73
▾
| Indicator | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 1.69% | 0.55% | 28.46% | 27.71% Trend | 32.86% Trend |
| Internet Users | 57.55% | 57.72% | 58.53% | 65.68% Trend | 68.32% Trend |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 60.98 | 61.73 | – | 29.06 Trend | – |
| Patent Applications | – | – | – | – | – |
| R&D Spending | – | – | – | – | – |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 27.1
Poverty Rate 0.40%
Income Share Top 10% 22.00%
▾
| Indicator | 2009 | 2015 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 37.5 | 33.5 | 27.1 |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 2.70% | 3.20% | 4.00% |
| Income Share Top 10% | 28.90% | 26.80% | 22.00% |
| Poverty Rate | 3.60% | 4.00% | 0.40% |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.