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Kazakhstan R&D Spending 1990s

Name: Kazakhstan R&D Spending 1990s
Creator: World Bank
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Research and development expenditure as % of GDP · World Bank

0.23% decade average (1990-1999)

Kazakhstan's r&d spending during the 1990s ranged from 0.18% (1999) to 0.29% (1997), averaging 0.23% over 3 years of data.

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1990s Data▾

Year	Value	Change	Rank
1997	0.29%	–	52nd
1998	0.22%	−0.07%	55th
1999	0.18%	−0.04%	62nd