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Pakistan – R&D Spending

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a share of GDP. Covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. · World Bank
0.16% −0.00% from 2021 G20 rank: 21st · all-time high: 0.52% (2007)

Pakistan's r&d spending was 0.16% in 2023, a decrease of +0.00% from 0.16% in 2021. This ranked 21st in the G20. The all-time high was 0.52% in 2007.

APA

Pakistan R&D Spending. HistorySaid. Retrieved March 11, 2026, from https://historysaid.com/pakistan/rd-spending

BibTeX

@misc{historysaid_pakistan_rd-spending,
  title = {Pakistan R&D Spending},
  url = {https://historysaid.com/pakistan/rd-spending},
  publisher = {HistorySaid},
  year = {2026}
}
Data & Projection
Pakistan R&D Spending – Historical Data
YearValueChangeRank
2026* trend 0.13%
2025* trend 0.14%
2023 0.16% −0.00% 21st
2021 0.16% −0.01% 73rd
2019 0.17% −0.04% 80th
2017 0.21% −0.01% 73rd
2015 0.22% −0.04% 78th
2013 0.26% −0.04% 71st
2011 0.30% −0.10% 64th
2009 0.40% −0.12% 61st
2007 0.52% +0.19% 48th
2005 0.33% +0.17% 60th
Show all years (1997–2023)
* Linear trend extrapolation from last 5 data points
Detected Pattern
Export Boom Cycle
Current account surplus with strong export growth (>15% YoY), reserve accumulation, and moderate GDP growth. Typical of commodity exporters during price surges.
Reserves YoY +34.1% GDP growth 3.0% C/A balance 0.1%
This pattern occurred 682 times in G20 history, 460 successful
Reserves YoY
+25.6%
GDP growth
4.0%
C/A balance
14.5%
Reserves YoY
+14.6%
GDP growth
3.7%
C/A balance
2.9%
Reserves YoY
+12.6%
GDP growth
6.0%
C/A balance
0.5%
Reserves YoY
+38.3%
GDP growth
5.0%
C/A balance
1.2%
Reserves YoY
+18.0%
GDP growth
2.9%
C/A balance
3.9%
Reserves YoY
+20.1%
GDP growth
2.8%
C/A balance
3.3%
HistorySaid – pattern alert

Pakistan matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2024. Historically, 67% of countries showing this pattern (460 out of 682) saw r&d spending improve within 24 months. View full analysis →