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Türkiye R&D Spending 1990s

Name: Türkiye R&D Spending 1990s
Creator: World Bank
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Research and development expenditure as % of GDP · World Bank

0.44% decade average (1990-1999)

Türkiye's r&d spending during the 1990s ranged from 0.36% (1998) to 0.49% (1997), averaging 0.44% over 4 years of data.

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1990s Data▾

Year	Value	Change	Rank
1996	0.45%	–	34th
1997	0.49%	+0.04%	39th
1998	0.36%	−0.13%	45th
1999	0.46%	+0.09%	43rd