Turkmenistan External Debt to GNI
External debt stocks as % of GNI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
Turkmenistan's external debt to gni was 2.96% in 2025, ranked 116th globally. This represents a 43.3% decrease from 2024. Data from World Bank, covering 1993–2025.
Overview
Turkmenistan's external debt to gni stood at 2.96% in 2025, a decline of +2.26pp from 2024. Based on recent trends, this figure is projected to reach 2.96% by 2025. Turkmenistan ranked 116th globally.
Turkmenistan’s external debt relative to gross national income has fallen dramatically over the 33‑year series, slipping from an early‑1990s level of 8.63% to a historic low of 2.96% in 2025, the lowest figure recorded since the series began and placing the country at 116th globally. The sharpest reversal occurred after the 1999 peak of 111.75%, when debt surged to more than one‑hundred percent of GNI, reflecting the post‑Soviet fiscal shock and heavy borrowing for infrastructure. Since then, successive debt‑reduction programmes, tighter fiscal consolidation and a modest rise in export earnings have driven the ratio downwards, mirroring a similar decline in neighboring Iraq, which posted 3.23% in the same year. The continued contraction suggests that, barring a resurgence of external borrowing or a sharp slowdown in growth, Turkmenistan’s external debt burden is likely to remain at historically low levels, reinforcing fiscal resilience.
Data & projection
| Year | External Debt to GNI | YoY change | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2027* trend | -0.72% | - | - |
| 2026* trend | 1.12% | - | - |
| 2025* trend | 2.96% | - | - |
| 2025 | 2.96% | −2.26pp | #116 |
| 2024 | 5.22% | −1.30pp | #4 |
| 2023 | 6.52% | −1.47pp | #3 |
| 2022 | 7.98% | −2.05pp | #4 |
| 2021 | 10.03% | −2.63pp | #4 |
| 2020 | 12.66% | −2.25pp | #5 |
| 2019 | 14.92% | −5.98pp | #9 |
| 2018 | 20.90% | −2.90pp | #18 |
| 2017 | 23.80% | +0.61pp | #23 |
| 2016 | 23.19% | +2.41pp | #25 |
| 2015 | 20.78% | +2.19pp | #24 |
| 2014 | 18.59% | −4.55pp | #21 |
| 2013 | 23.14% | +2.57pp | #32 |
| 2012 | 20.57% | +4.30pp | #29 |
| 2011 | 16.27% | +8.14pp | #18 |
Detected Pattern
Analysis
Turkmenistan matched the Stagflation Risk pattern in 2002. Historically, 38% of countries showing this pattern (117 out of 307) saw external debt to gni improve within 24 months. View full analysis →
Frequently Asked Questions
Turkmenistan's external debt to gni was 2.96% in 2025. Ranked 116th globally. This represents a 43.3% decrease from the previous year.
Turkmenistan's external debt to gni peaked at 111.75% in 1999.
The lowest external debt to gni in Turkmenistan was 2.96% in 2025.
Turkmenistan ranks 116th globally in external debt to gni as of 2025.
The World Bank indicator code is DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS. Data sourced from World Bank.
Turkmenistan's external debt to gni is projected to reach 2.96% by 2025 based on trend extrapolation.
The external debt to gni of Turkmenistan in 2025 was 2.96%. This ranks 116th in the world.
Cite this page
@misc{historysaid_turkmenistan_external-debt-to-gni,
title = {Turkmenistan External Debt to GNI},
url = {https://historysaid.com/turkmenistan/external-debt-to-gni/},
publisher = {HistorySaid},
year = {2026}
}