Mozambique External Debt to GNI
External debt stocks as % of GNI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
Mozambique's external debt to gni was 320.48% in 2025, ranked 2nd globally. This represents a 8.6% decrease from 2024. Data from World Bank, covering 1991–2025.
Overview
Mozambique's external debt to gni stood at 320.48% in 2025, a decline of +30.10pp from 2024. Based on recent trends, this figure is projected to reach 320.48% by 2025. Mozambique ranked 2nd globally.
Mozambique’s external debt-to‑gross national income ratio has risen sharply over the 35‑year series, climbing from 124.62 % in 1991 to a record 432.22 % in 2020 before easing to 320.48 % in 2025, the second‑highest level worldwide. The all‑time trough of 51.86 % in 2008 marked a brief period of fiscal consolidation, but subsequent borrowing for infrastructure and social programmes accelerated the debt trajectory, pushing the ratio above 400 % during the COVID‑19 pandemic. By contrast, peer Lebanon recorded a far higher 461.43 % in the same year, while Senegal’s 169.05 % illustrates a more moderate debt burden among comparable economies. The persistent upward path suggests that without substantial debt‑service reforms, fiscal tightening, or a surge in export earnings, Mozambique’s external debt ratio is likely to remain elevated, with any reversal contingent on improved terms of financing and sustained growth.
Data & projection
| Year | External Debt to GNI | YoY change | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2027* trend | 277.48% | - | - |
| 2026* trend | 298.98% | - | - |
| 2025* trend | 320.48% | - | - |
| 2025 | 320.48% | −30.10pp | #2 |
| 2024 | 350.57% | −4.80pp | #110 |
| 2023 | 355.37% | −24.26pp | #116 |
| 2022 | 379.63% | −27.40pp | #118 |
| 2021 | 407.03% | −25.19pp | #118 |
| 2020 | 432.22% | +67.71pp | #118 |
| 2019 | 364.51% | +19.43pp | #118 |
| 2018 | 345.09% | −17.87pp | #119 |
| 2017 | 362.95% | −3.81pp | #119 |
| 2016 | 366.76% | +125.15pp | #119 |
| 2015 | 241.62% | +47.11pp | #119 |
| 2014 | 194.51% | +25.44pp | #116 |
| 2013 | 169.07% | +49.95pp | #116 |
| 2012 | 119.12% | +25.37pp | #114 |
| 2011 | 93.76% | −7.86pp | #110 |
Detected Pattern
Analysis
Mozambique matched the Orthodox Tightening Cycle pattern in 2017. Historically, 57% of countries showing this pattern (177 out of 311) saw external debt to gni improve within 24 months. View full analysis →
Frequently Asked Questions
Mozambique's external debt to gni was 320.48% in 2025. Ranked 2nd globally. This represents a 8.6% decrease from the previous year.
Mozambique's external debt to gni peaked at 432.22% in 2020.
The lowest external debt to gni in Mozambique was 51.86% in 2008.
Mozambique ranks 2nd globally in external debt to gni as of 2025.
The World Bank indicator code is DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS. Data sourced from World Bank.
Mozambique's external debt to gni is projected to reach 320.48% by 2025 based on trend extrapolation.
The external debt to gni of Mozambique in 2025 was 320.48%. This ranks 2nd in the world.
Cite this page
@misc{historysaid_mozambique_external-debt-to-gni,
title = {Mozambique External Debt to GNI},
url = {https://historysaid.com/mozambique/external-debt-to-gni/},
publisher = {HistorySaid},
year = {2026}
}