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Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam
HistorySaid - pattern
Brunei Darussalam matched the Export Boom Cycle pattern in 2019. 4 pattern matches detected historically. View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $15.6B
GDP per Capita $33,858
GDP Growth 1.80%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 1.17% | 1.17% | 1.13% | 1.13% Trend | 1.12% Trend | 1.10% Trend | - | - | - |
| GDP | $15.1B | $15.3B | $15.6B | $15.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $16.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $17.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $18.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $19.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $20.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | -12.85% | -2.84% | -1.05% | -1.05% Trend | -2.28% Trend | -3.51% Trend | - | - | - |
| GDP Growth | 1.13% | 4.05% | 1.80% | 1.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.43% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.62% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.87% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.13% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $39.0B | $41.6B | $43.4B | $43.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $45.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $47.2B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $49.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $51.8B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $54.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $32,891 | $33,153 | $33,858 | $33,858 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $35,414 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $37,426 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $38,931 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $40,672 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $42,166 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $85,033 | $89,879 | $94,472 | $94,472 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $97,445 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $100,613 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $104,073 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $108,070 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $112,087 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $15.3B | $15.8B | $17.2B | $17.2B Trend | $18.0B Trend | $18.8B Trend | - | - | - |
| GNI per Capita | $34,390 | $36,020 | $36,892 | $36,892 Trend | $38,384 Trend | $39,876 Trend | - | - | - |
| Gross Savings | 45.87% | 47.65% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Industry Value Added | 61.74% | 61.68% | 63.87% | 63.87% Trend | 64.28% Trend | 64.70% Trend | - | - | - |
| Services Value Added | 38.84% | 38.95% | 36.74% | 36.74% Trend | 36.36% Trend | 35.99% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 0.40%
Consumer Price Index 109.23
PPP Conversion Factor 0.51
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 106.86 | 106.44 | 109.23 | 109.23 Trend | 110.75 Trend | 112.26 Trend | - | - | - |
| Inflation Rate | 0.36% | -0.39% | 0.40% | 0.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 0.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 0.90% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.51 Trend | 0.50 Trend | 0.49 Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 466,592
Population Growth 0.69%
Population Density 88.7
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 13.6 | - | 13.1 | 13.1 Trend | 12.9 Trend | - | - |
| Death Rate | 5.2 | - | 6.4 | 6.4 Trend | 6.6 Trend | - | - |
| Dependency Ratio | 38.00 | 38.30 | 38.48 | 38.48 Trend | 38.71 Trend | 38.95 Trend | - |
| Fertility Rate | 1.75 | - | 1.71 | 1.71 Trend | 1.69 Trend | - | - |
| Life Expectancy | 75.3 | - | 74.0 | 74.0 Trend | 73.8 Trend | - | - |
| Net Migration | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 Trend | 0 Trend | 0 Trend |
| Population | 458,949 | 462,721 | 466,592 | 466,592 Trend | 470,378 Trend | 474,164 Trend | - |
| Population Density | 87.1 | - | 88.7 | 88.7 Trend | 89.5 Trend | - | - |
| Population Growth | 0.78% | 0.82% | 0.69% | 0.69% Trend | 0.62% Trend | 0.55% Trend | - |
| Refugee Population | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Urban Population | 74.82% | 74.90% | 74.90% | 74.90% Trend | 74.93% Trend | 74.96% Trend | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 5.28%
Youth Unemployment 18.23%
Labor Force Participation 64.24%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 1.27% | 1.24% | 1.20% | - | 1.12% Trend | 1.05% Trend | 0.98% Trend | - | - |
| Female Labor Participation | 54.83% | 54.71% | 54.44% | - | 54.58% Trend | 54.61% Trend | 54.64% Trend | - | - |
| Industry Employment | 20.45% | 20.45% | 20.39% | - | 19.05% Trend | 18.31% Trend | 17.57% Trend | - | - |
| Labor Force Participation | 64.73% | 64.51% | 64.24% | - | 64.62% Trend | 64.73% Trend | 64.84% Trend | - | - |
| Services Employment | 78.28% | 78.32% | 78.41% | - | 79.83% Trend | 80.64% Trend | 81.45% Trend | - | - |
| Unemployment Rate | 5.30% | 5.18% | 5.28% | 4.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 17.96% | 17.87% | 18.23% | - | 18.79% Trend | 19.14% Trend | 19.50% Trend | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Military Spending 3.10%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -10.86% | -10.20% | -11.07% | -11.07% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -11.46% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -10.93% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -10.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -9.99% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -9.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Debt to GDP | 2.33% | 2.29% | 2.33% | 2.33% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.26% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.12% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 18.50% | 19.62% | 20.29% | 20.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 19.38% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.12% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 17.15% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.85% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.71% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Health Spending | 2.23% | - | 1.89% | 1.89% Trend | 1.82% Trend | - | - | - | - |
| Military Spending | 2.98% | 3.58% | 3.10% | 3.10% Trend | 3.06% Trend | 3.02% Trend | - | - | - |
| Tax Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Domestic Credit | 61.97% | 65.08% | 59.88% | 59.88% Trend | 60.46% Trend | 61.03% Trend |
| External Debt | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| External Debt to GNI | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Short-term Debt | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 5.50%
Deposit Rate 0.33%
Real Interest Rate 7.90%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 37.08% | 37.71% | 35.52% | 35.52% Trend | 35.20% Trend | 34.89% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 0.19% | 0.39% | 0.33% | 0.33% Trend | 0.37% Trend | 0.40% Trend |
| Lending Rate | 5.50% | 5.50% | 5.50% | 5.50% Trend | 5.50% Trend | 5.50% Trend |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 2.69% | 3.63% | 4.40% | 4.40% Trend | 5.21% Trend | 6.02% Trend |
| Non-Performing Loans | - | - | 2.03% | 2.03% Trend | - | - |
| Real Interest Rate | 21.05% | 8.59% | 7.90% | 7.90% Trend | 8.91% Trend | 9.93% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 1.33
Foreign Reserves $4.7B
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.33 Trend | 1.32 Trend | 1.31 Trend |
| Foreign Reserves | $4.5B | $4.4B | $4.7B | $4.7B Trend | $4.7B Trend | $4.7B Trend |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.9 Trend | 4.6 Trend | 4.2 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $14.0B
Imports $10.4B
Trade Balance $3.7B
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | 12.88% | 14.53% | 16.43% | 16.43% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.56% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.20% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.03% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 16.39% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $11.6B | $11.5B | $14.0B | $14.0B Trend | $14.9B Trend | $15.9B Trend | - | - | - |
| FDI Inflows | -0.37% | 0.19% | -2.41% | -2.41% Trend | -3.50% Trend | -4.59% Trend | - | - | - |
| FDI Outflows | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Imports | $9.1B | $9.1B | $10.4B | $10.4B Trend | $10.9B Trend | $11.4B Trend | - | - | - |
| Remittances Received | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Tourism Receipts | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trade Balance | $2.5B | $2.4B | $3.7B | $3.7B Trend | $4.1B Trend | $4.6B Trend | - | - | - |
| Trade Openness | 136.86% | 132.59% | 145.07% | 145.07% Trend | 148.50% Trend | 151.93% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 5.31% | 5.11% | 5.17% | 5.17% Trend | 5.13% Trend | 5.10% Trend |
| Listed Companies | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Market Capitalization | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability 1.44
Government Effectiveness 1.49
Regulatory Quality 1.26
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.52 | 1.52 Trend | 1.61 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.49 | 1.49 Trend | 1.52 Trend |
| Political Stability | 1.24 | 1.37 | 1.44 | 1.44 Trend | 1.50 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | 1.07 | 0.98 | 1.26 | 1.26 Trend | 1.35 Trend |
| Rule of Law | 0.93 | 0.89 | 1.09 | 1.09 Trend | 1.15 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | -0.82 | -0.72 | -0.61 | -0.61 Trend | -0.55 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $716
Infant Mortality Rate 8.1
Maternal Mortality Ratio 67.00
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $649 | $733 | $716 | $716 Trend | $726 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | 4.19 | 3.58 | 3.89 | 3.89 Trend | 3.91 Trend |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 Trend | 8.0 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 88.00 | 36.00 | 67.00 | 67.00 Trend | 71.50 Trend |
| Physicians | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 96.09%
Tertiary Enrollment 38.12%
Education Spending 4.43%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | - | - | - | - | - |
| Literacy Rate | - | - | - | - | - |
| Primary Completion Rate | 105.51% | 101.68% | 103.93% | 103.93% Trend | 104.16% Trend |
| Primary Enrollment | 99.13% | 96.93% | 94.33% | 94.33% Trend | 92.75% Trend |
| Secondary Enrollment | 89.85% | 91.84% | 93.36% | 93.36% Trend | 94.38% Trend |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 31.19% | 36.42% | 38.12% | 38.12% Trend | 40.05% Trend |
| Youth Literacy Rate | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 0.00%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | - | - | - | - | - |
| CO2 per Capita | - | - | - | - | - |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% Trend | 100.00% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 9,537 | - | 10,144 | 10,144 Trend | - |
| Forest Area | 72.11% | 72.11% | 72.11% | 72.11% Trend | 72.11% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 101.68%
Mobile Subscriptions 121.50
R&D Spending 0.28%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 1.02% | 1.06% | 0.90% | 0.90% Trend | 0.81% Trend | 0.72% Trend |
| Internet Users | 99.03% | - | 101.68% | 101.68% Trend | 102.75% Trend | - |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 127.01 | - | 121.50 | 121.50 Trend | 120.55 Trend | - |
| Patent Applications | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| R&D Spending | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
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Data & analysis
Real GDP growth (%)
| 2023 | 1.41 |
| 2024 | 3.91 |
| 2025 | 2.52 |
| 2026 | 2.65 |
| 2027 | 2.63 |
| 2028 | 2.93 |
| 2029 | 3.09 |
| 2030 | 2.96 |
CPI inflation (%)
| 2023 | 0.40 |
| 2024 | -0.39 |
| 2025 | 1.00 |
| 2026 | 1.00 |
| 2027 | 1.00 |
| 2028 | 1.00 |
| 2029 | 1.00 |
| 2030 | 1.00 |
Unemployment rate (%)
| 2023 | 5.30 |
| 2024 | 4.90 |
| 2025 | 4.90 |
| 2026 | 4.90 |
| 2027 | 4.90 |
| 2028 | 4.90 |
| 2029 | 4.90 |
| 2030 | 4.90 |
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook via DBnomics
Brunei Darussalam, a high-income economy in East Asia and the Pacific, presents a narrative of modest recovery and stabilization following a period of subdued growth. Real GDP growth, which stood at 1.41 percent in 2023, is projected to rise to 3.91 percent in 2024, indicating a short-term rebound before settling into a range of 2.52 to 3.08 percent through 2030. This pattern suggests a return to a moderate growth trajectory rather than a boom. Inflation, after a slight deflation of -0.39 percent in 2024, is expected to stabilize at a steady 1.00 percent annually from 2025 onward, reflecting controlled price levels. The unemployment rate, at 5.30 percent in 2023, is forecast to decline to 4.90 percent and remain constant through 2030, hinting at labor market rigidity. Historically, Brunei held the top global ranking for GDP per capita in 1980, underscoring its past oil-driven wealth. The current data points to a post-hydrocarbon adjustment phase. A shift toward economic diversification and private-sector expansion would be required to alter this stable but unremarkable trajectory.