Russian Federation External Debt to GNI
External debt stocks as % of GNI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
Russian Federation's external debt to gni was 12.41% in 2025, ranked 109th globally. This represents a 26.0% decrease from 2024. Data from World Bank, covering 1992–2025.
Overview
Russian Federation's external debt to gni stood at 12.41% in 2025, a decline of +4.35pp from 2022. Based on recent trends, this figure is projected to reach 12.41% by 2025. Russian Federation ranked 109th globally.
The Russian Federation's external debt to Gross National Income (GNI) ratio has experienced significant fluctuations over the past three decades. At its peak in 1999, the ratio reached an all-time high of 95.67%, reflecting the country's financial struggles following the post-Soviet economic collapse. Conversely, the ratio has steadily decreased, reaching a record low of 12.41% in 2025, ranking the country 109th globally. This downward trend is comparable to that of peer countries, such as China, which has also seen a decline in its external debt to GNI ratio, currently standing at 12.18%. The Russian Federation's external debt burden has been significantly reduced, largely due to the country's increasing economic resilience and diversification. However, a potential shift in global economic policies or a significant increase in global interest rates could alter the trajectory of Russia's external debt to GNI ratio, potentially leading to a resurgence of external debt concerns.
Data & projection
| Year | External Debt to GNI | YoY change | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025* trend | 12.41% | - | - |
| 2025 | 12.41% | −4.35pp | #109 |
| 2022 | 16.76% | −9.68pp | #9 |
| 2021 | 26.43% | −5.18pp | #18 |
| 2020 | 31.61% | +1.98pp | #26 |
| 2019 | 29.63% | +0.08pp | #29 |
| 2018 | 29.55% | −4.34pp | #34 |
| 2017 | 33.89% | −9.23pp | #42 |
| 2016 | 43.12% | +5.99pp | #65 |
| 2015 | 37.13% | +9.28pp | #56 |
| 2014 | 27.84% | −2.37pp | #43 |
| 2013 | 30.21% | +2.56pp | #49 |
| 2012 | 27.65% | +0.23pp | #50 |
| 2011 | 27.42% | −0.86pp | #51 |
| 2010 | 28.28% | −6.08pp | #48 |
| 2009 | 34.36% | +8.39pp | #57 |
Detected Pattern
Analysis
Russian Federation matched the Fiscal Dominance Trap pattern in 2022. Historically, 72% of countries showing this pattern (278 out of 386) saw external debt to gni improve within 24 months. View full analysis →
Frequently Asked Questions
Russian Federation's external debt to gni was 12.41% in 2025. Ranked 109th globally. This represents a 26.0% decrease from the previous year.
Russian Federation's external debt to gni peaked at 95.67% in 1999.
The lowest external debt to gni in Russian Federation was 12.41% in 2025.
Russian Federation ranks 109th globally in external debt to gni as of 2025.
The World Bank indicator code is DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS. Data sourced from World Bank.
Russian Federation's external debt to gni is projected to reach 12.41% by 2025 based on trend extrapolation.
The external debt to gni of Russian Federation in 2025 was 12.41%. This ranks 109th in the world.
Cite this page
@misc{historysaid_russian-federation_external-debt-to-gni,
title = {Russian Federation External Debt to GNI},
url = {https://historysaid.com/russian-federation/external-debt-to-gni/},
publisher = {HistorySaid},
year = {2026}
}