Türkiye External Debt to GNI
External debt stocks as % of GNI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
Türkiye's external debt to gni was 34.74% in 2025, ranked 75th globally. This represents a 11.8% decrease from 2024. Data from World Bank, covering 1970–2025.
Overview
Türkiye's external debt to gni stood at 34.74% in 2025, a decline of +4.65pp from 2024. Based on recent trends, this figure is projected to reach 34.74% by 2025. Türkiye ranked 75th globally.
Turkey’s external debt-to‑GNI ratio has risen from 15.45 % in 1970 to 34.74 % in 2025, placing the country at rank 75 globally. The indicator surged to an all‑time peak of 60.32 % in 2020 before retreating to the current level, while the lowest point of 11.03 % occurred in 1975. Over the 56‑year coverage period the debt share more than doubled, reflecting expanding external borrowing amid fiscal and current‑account pressures. Compared with peers of similar rank, Turkey’s ratio is close to Congo, Republic of’s 34.90 % and Papua New Guinea’s 34.53 %, indicating that its external indebtedness now aligns with other emerging economies facing comparable financing needs. The post‑2020 decline suggests a modest rebalancing, but continued external borrowing or a slowdown in export growth could reverse the downward trajectory, while sustained fiscal consolidation would likely reinforce the recent improvement.
Data & projection
| Year | External Debt to GNI | YoY change | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2027* trend | 24.65% | - | - |
| 2026* trend | 29.70% | - | - |
| 2025* trend | 34.74% | - | - |
| 2025 | 34.74% | −4.65pp | #75 |
| 2024 | 39.39% | −5.77pp | #48 |
| 2023 | 45.16% | −5.60pp | #58 |
| 2022 | 50.76% | −2.98pp | #64 |
| 2021 | 53.74% | −6.57pp | #62 |
| 2020 | 60.32% | +5.01pp | #71 |
| 2019 | 55.31% | −0.14pp | #73 |
| 2018 | 55.45% | +2.76pp | #78 |
| 2017 | 52.69% | +6.33pp | #74 |
| 2016 | 46.36% | −0.38pp | #70 |
| 2015 | 46.74% | +2.28pp | #73 |
| 2014 | 44.46% | +2.09pp | #73 |
| 2013 | 42.37% | +1.94pp | #73 |
| 2012 | 40.44% | +1.83pp | #72 |
| 2011 | 38.60% | −2.50pp | #71 |
Detected Pattern
Analysis
Türkiye matched the Stagflation Risk pattern in 2020. Historically, 38% of countries showing this pattern (117 out of 307) saw external debt to gni improve within 24 months. View full analysis →
Frequently Asked Questions
Türkiye's external debt to gni was 34.74% in 2025. Ranked 75th globally. This represents a 11.8% decrease from the previous year.
Türkiye's external debt to gni peaked at 60.32% in 2020.
The lowest external debt to gni in Türkiye was 11.03% in 1975.
Türkiye ranks 75th globally in external debt to gni as of 2025.
The World Bank indicator code is DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS. Data sourced from World Bank.
Türkiye's external debt to gni is projected to reach 34.74% by 2025 based on trend extrapolation.
The external debt to gni of Türkiye in 2025 was 34.74%. This ranks 75th in the world.
Cite this page
@misc{historysaid_turkiye_external-debt-to-gni,
title = {Türkiye External Debt to GNI},
url = {https://historysaid.com/turkiye/external-debt-to-gni/},
publisher = {HistorySaid},
year = {2026}
}