Turkmenistan Lowest R&D Spending
Research and development expenditure as % of GDP · World Bank
The lowest r&d spending in Turkmenistan was 0.08% in 2018. The top 5 years were: 2018 (0.08%), 2017 (0.09%), 2021 (0.10%), 2015 (0.11%), 2019 (0.11%).
Top 5 Lowest Years▾
Turkmenistan Top 5 Lowest R&D Spending Years
| Rank | Year | Value |
|---|
| 1st |
2018 |
0.08% |
| 2nd |
2017 |
0.09% |
| 3rd |
2021 |
0.10% |
| 4th |
2015 |
0.11% |
| 5th |
2019 |
0.11% |
All Data (sorted by value)▾
| Year | Value | Change | Rank |
|---|
| 2025 |
0.17% |
+0.03% |
65th |
| 2022 |
0.14% |
+0.04% |
68th |
| 2021 |
0.10% |
−0.03% |
81st |
| 2020 |
0.13% |
+0.02% |
80th |
| 2019 |
0.11% |
+0.03% |
88th |
| 2018 |
0.08% |
−0.01% |
87th |
| 2017 |
0.09% |
−0.07% |
88th |
| 2016 |
0.16% |
+0.05% |
76th |
| 2015 |
0.11% |
– |
91st |