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Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iran, Islamic Republic of
HistorySaid - pattern
Iran, Islamic Republic of matched the Stagflation Risk pattern in 2019. 20 pattern matches detected historically. View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $356.5B
GDP per Capita $4,074
GDP Growth 0.65%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 10.75% | 10.80% | 10.41% | 10.41% Trend | 10.25% Trend | 10.08% Trend | - | - | - |
| GDP | $457.5B | $475.3B | $356.5B | $356.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $375.6B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $416.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $454.4B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $482.1B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $511.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 37.29% | 28.37% | 27.34% | 27.34% Trend | 21.84% Trend | 16.35% Trend | - | - | - |
| GDP Growth | 5.33% | 3.66% | 0.65% | 0.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.11% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 1.61% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.01% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.03% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $1.71T | $1.82T | $1.88T | $1.88T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $1.93T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.00T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.07T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.15T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.23T IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $5,049 | $5,190 | $4,074 | $4,074 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $4,250 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $4,665 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5,039 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5,293 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $5,557 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $18,917 | $19,874 | $21,473 | $21,473 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $21,882 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $22,381 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $22,971 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23,608 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $24,286 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $456.6B | $474.0B | $538.8B | $538.8B Trend | $582.3B Trend | $625.9B Trend | - | - | - |
| GNI per Capita | $5,070 | $5,130 | $5,514 | $5,514 Trend | $5,840 Trend | $6,166 Trend | - | - | - |
| Gross Savings | 47.54% | 49.61% | 47.65% | 47.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 45.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 44.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 44.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 44.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 44.51% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Industry Value Added | 38.78% | 36.07% | 37.68% | 37.68% Trend | 37.41% Trend | 37.14% Trend | - | - | - |
| Services Value Added | 47.63% | 49.79% | 48.41% | 48.41% Trend | 48.60% Trend | 48.78% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 42.35%
Consumer Price Index 3,243.09
PPP Conversion Factor 137,802.82
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 2,140.22 | 2,834.85 | 3,243.09 | 3,243.09 Trend | 3,777.02 Trend | 4,310.95 Trend | - | - | - |
| Inflation Rate | 44.58% | 32.46% | 42.35% | 42.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 41.59% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 33.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 28.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 25.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 25.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 94,357.98 | 118,268.07 | 137,802.82 | 137,802.82 Trend | 159,252.50 Trend | 180,702.18 Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 92.5M
Population Growth 1.29%
Population Density 56.8
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 13.0 | - | 11.9 | 11.9 Trend | 11.5 Trend | - | - |
| Death Rate | 4.7 | - | 4.8 | 4.8 Trend | 4.7 Trend | - | - |
| Dependency Ratio | 44.41 | 44.26 | 44.08 | 44.08 Trend | 43.90 Trend | 43.72 Trend | - |
| Fertility Rate | 1.70 | - | 1.66 | 1.66 Trend | 1.65 Trend | - | - |
| Life Expectancy | 77.7 | - | 77.5 | 77.5 Trend | 78.0 Trend | - | - |
| Net Migration | 262,044 | 190,156 | 116,786 | - | 66,610 Trend | 1,670 Trend | -63,269 Trend |
| Population | 90.6M | 91.6M | 92.5M | 92.5M Trend | 93.5M Trend | 94.5M Trend | - |
| Population Density | 55.8 | - | 56.8 | 56.8 Trend | 57.4 Trend | - | - |
| Population Growth | 1.20% | 1.05% | 1.29% | 1.29% Trend | 1.39% Trend | 1.48% Trend | - |
| Refugee Population | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Urban Population | 76.68% | 77.02% | 77.38% | 77.38% Trend | 77.73% Trend | 78.09% Trend | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 8.30%
Youth Unemployment 21.90%
Labor Force Participation 40.97%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 14.07% | 13.77% | 13.62% | - | 13.17% Trend | 12.83% Trend | 12.49% Trend | - | - |
| Female Labor Participation | 14.13% | 14.14% | 14.01% | - | 14.53% Trend | 14.78% Trend | 15.03% Trend | - | - |
| Industry Employment | 35.00% | 34.95% | 34.70% | - | 34.88% Trend | 34.89% Trend | 34.90% Trend | - | - |
| Labor Force Participation | 41.52% | 41.27% | 40.97% | - | 41.24% Trend | 41.29% Trend | 41.34% Trend | - | - |
| Services Employment | 50.92% | 51.29% | 51.67% | - | 51.95% Trend | 52.28% Trend | 52.60% Trend | - | - |
| Unemployment Rate | 8.13% | 8.15% | 8.30% | 9.20% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.20% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 21.27% | 21.31% | 21.90% | - | 20.66% Trend | 20.15% Trend | 19.64% Trend | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 7.36%
Government Spending 19.64%
Military Spending 2.11%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -2.54% | -3.83% | -4.44% | -4.44% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.27% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.85% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Debt to GDP | 29.64% | 33.99% | 35.58% | 35.58% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 36.39% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 36.65% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 37.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 38.63% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 39.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 10.25% | 10.37% | 9.88% | 9.88% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.97% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 10.16% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 10.29% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 10.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 10.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Health Spending | 6.03% | - | 5.64% | 5.64% Trend | 5.67% Trend | - | - | - | - |
| Military Spending | 2.35% | 2.01% | 2.11% | 2.11% Trend | 2.09% Trend | 2.07% Trend | - | - | - |
| Tax Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $11.4B
External Debt to GNI 2.38%
Short-term Debt 16.83%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 0.33% | 0.28% | 0.13% | 0.13% Trend | 0.06% Trend | -0.02% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| External Debt | $9.9B | $9.7B | $11.4B | $11.4B Trend | $12.2B Trend | $13.0B Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 2.45% | 2.21% | 2.38% | 2.38% Trend | 2.38% Trend | 2.38% Trend |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Short-term Debt | 23.08% | 23.67% | 16.83% | 16.83% Trend | 13.84% Trend | 10.85% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 18.00%
Deposit Rate 12.80%
Real Interest Rate 3.45%
▾
| Indicator | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 48.98% | 56.37% | 57.83% |
| Deposit Rate | 16.94% | 16.30% | 12.80% |
| Lending Rate | 14.00% | 14.21% | 18.00% |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 35.10% | 24.37% | 27.96% |
| Non-Performing Loans | - | - | - |
| Real Interest Rate | 3.86% | 13.99% | 3.45% |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 42,000.00
Real Effective Exchange Rate 625.71
Foreign Reserves $7.7B
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 42,000.00 | - | 42,000.00 | 42,000.00 Trend | 42,000.00 Trend | - |
| Foreign Reserves | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | 477.63 | 625.71 | - | 716.45 Trend | 832.81 Trend | 949.18 Trend |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $29.7B
Imports $17.5B
Trade Balance $-13.1B
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | 2.04% | 3.20% | 1.80% | 1.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 2.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 3.00% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| FDI Inflows | 0.31% | 0.30% | 0.24% | 0.24% Trend | 0.21% Trend | 0.17% Trend | - | - | - |
| FDI Outflows | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% Trend | 0.01% Trend | 0.01% Trend | - | - | - |
| Imports | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Remittances Received | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Tourism Receipts | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trade Balance | $-7.1B | $-23.6B | $-13.1B | $-13.1B Trend | $-15.1B Trend | $-17.1B Trend | - | - | - |
| Trade Openness | 49.39% | 52.06% | 54.31% | 54.31% Trend | 56.62% Trend | 58.92% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 74.07%
Stock Turnover Ratio 14.63%
Listed Companies 614
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Listed Companies | 575 | 594 | 614 | 614 Trend | 635 Trend | 656 Trend |
| Market Capitalization | 450.18% | 36.10% | 74.07% | 74.07% Trend | -20.32% Trend | -114.71% Trend |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | 22.50% | 10.97% | 14.63% | 14.63% Trend | 14.12% Trend | 13.61% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability -1.62
Government Effectiveness -1.17
Regulatory Quality -1.81
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.13 | -1.23 | -1.27 | -1.27 Trend | -1.30 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.88 | -1.02 | -1.17 | -1.17 Trend | -1.24 Trend |
| Political Stability | -1.63 | -1.69 | -1.62 | -1.62 Trend | -1.61 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.59 | -1.69 | -1.81 | -1.81 Trend | -1.87 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -1.02 | -1.06 | -1.22 | -1.22 Trend | -1.30 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | -1.46 | -1.45 | -1.50 | -1.50 Trend | -1.51 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $285
Infant Mortality Rate 10.0
Maternal Mortality Ratio 21.20
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $250 | $267 | $285 | $285 Trend | $301 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | - | - | - | - | - |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 10.0 Trend | 9.6 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 21.00 | 16.00 | 21.20 | 21.20 Trend | 19.50 Trend |
| Physicians | - | 1.81 | 1.87 | 1.87 Trend | 1.93 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 89.76%
Tertiary Enrollment 53.40%
Education Spending 2.34%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | 2.67% | 2.82% | 2.34% | 2.34% Trend | 2.17% Trend |
| Literacy Rate | 88.59% | 88.92% | 89.76% | 89.76% Trend | 90.14% Trend |
| Primary Completion Rate | - | - | - | - | - |
| Primary Enrollment | - | - | - | - | - |
| Secondary Enrollment | - | - | - | - | - |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 58.67% | - | 53.40% | 53.40% Trend | - |
| Youth Literacy Rate | 98.65% | 98.74% | 98.88% | 98.88% Trend | 98.95% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 0.90%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | - | - | - | - | - |
| CO2 per Capita | - | - | - | - | - |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% Trend | 100.00% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 3,266 | - | 3,620 | 3,620 Trend | - |
| Forest Area | 6.64% | 6.65% | 6.66% | 6.66% Trend | 6.67% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 84.20%
Mobile Subscriptions 184.16
R&D Spending 0.73%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 0.81% | - | 0.53% | 0.53% Trend | - |
| Internet Users | 79.06% | 79.63% | 84.20% | 84.20% Trend | 85.99% Trend |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 162.71 | 166.28 | 184.16 | 184.16 Trend | 192.02 Trend |
| Patent Applications | - | - | - | - | - |
| R&D Spending | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 34.8
Poverty Rate 1.42%
Income Share Top 10% 27.22%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 34.8 | 35.9 | 34.8 | 34.8 Trend | 34.6 Trend |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 2.80% | 2.80% | 2.78% | 2.78% Trend | 2.78% Trend |
| Income Share Top 10% | 26.80% | 28.20% | 27.22% | 27.22% Trend | 27.12% Trend |
| Poverty Rate | 2.80% | 2.50% | 1.42% | 1.42% Trend | 0.88% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Data & analysis
CPI inflation (%)
| 2023 | 40.69 |
| 2024 | 32.60 |
| 2025 | 43.33 |
| 2026 | 42.50 |
| 2027 | 33.75 |
| 2028 | 28.75 |
| 2029 | 25.00 |
| 2030 | 25.00 |
Unemployment rate (%)
| 2023 | 8.08 |
| 2024 | 7.77 |
| 2025 | 9.50 |
| 2026 | 9.20 |
| 2027 | 9.00 |
| 2028 | 9.00 |
| 2029 | 9.00 |
| 2030 | 9.00 |
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook via DBnomics
Iran’s macroeconomic data from 2023 to 2030 reveals a protracted crisis of high inflation and persistent unemployment. The consumer price index, which rose by 40.69 percent in 2023, is projected to climb further to 43.33 percent in 2025, before gradually easing to 25.00 percent by 2030. This inflationary pressure, among the highest globally, erodes real incomes and complicates economic planning. The unemployment rate, starting at 8.07 percent in 2023, is expected to rise to 9.50 percent in 2025 and remain near 9.00 percent through the decade, indicating a labor market unable to absorb new entrants. The country’s historical ranking for #1 Tax Revenue in 1972, 1973, and 1974 suggests a past capacity for fiscal extraction that has since diminished under sanctions and structural inefficiencies. The trajectory implies a stabilization attempt that has not yet translated into recovery. A sustained reduction in inflation below 20 percent, combined with credible monetary reforms, would signal a genuine shift toward macroeconomic stability.