Egypt, Arab Republic of External Debt to GNI
External debt stocks as % of GNI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
Egypt, Arab Republic of's external debt to gni was 45.10% in 2025, ranked 51st globally. This represents a 7.4% increase from 2024. Data from World Bank, covering 1970–2025.
Overview
Egypt, Arab Republic of's external debt to gni stood at 45.10% in 2025, a rise of +3.12pp from 2024. Based on recent trends, this figure is projected to reach 45.10% by 2025. Egypt, Arab Republic of ranked 51st globally.
Egypt’s external debt as a share of gross national income has risen sharply since the 1970s, climbing from 22.58 % in 1970 to a historic high of 132.72 % in 1988, before falling to a trough of 14.00 % in 2014. The post‑2014 rebound has been pronounced, with the ratio reaching 45.10 % in 2025, placing Egypt 51st in the global ranking. This level is comparable to peer economies such as Morocco (43.65 %) and Tanzania (48.28 %) and signals a moderate but persistent debt accumulation after the sharp decline of the early 2010s. The long‑term upward trajectory reflects periods of fiscal stimulus, external financing for infrastructure, and currency pressures, while the 2014 trough coincided with a tightening of public finances and debt restructuring. Continued fiscal consolidation, improved export performance, and stable external financing conditions will be crucial to curb further increases and potentially reverse the recent upward trend.
Data & projection
| Year | External Debt to GNI | YoY change | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2027* trend | 49.46% | - | - |
| 2026* trend | 47.28% | - | - |
| 2025* trend | 45.10% | - | - |
| 2025 | 45.10% | +3.12pp | #51 |
| 2024 | 41.98% | −2.44pp | #53 |
| 2023 | 44.42% | +9.04pp | #56 |
| 2022 | 35.38% | −0.03pp | #35 |
| 2021 | 35.41% | −0.17pp | #33 |
| 2020 | 35.58% | −1.76pp | #31 |
| 2019 | 37.35% | −1.45pp | #49 |
| 2018 | 38.80% | +4.11pp | #54 |
| 2017 | 34.70% | +13.60pp | #46 |
| 2016 | 21.10% | +5.69pp | #19 |
| 2015 | 15.41% | +1.41pp | #11 |
| 2014 | 14.00% | −2.56pp | #9 |
| 2013 | 16.56% | +1.86pp | #14 |
| 2012 | 14.69% | −0.62pp | #14 |
| 2011 | 15.31% | −1.84pp | #15 |
Detected Pattern
Analysis
Egypt, Arab Republic of matched the Orthodox Tightening Cycle pattern in 2024. Historically, 57% of countries showing this pattern (177 out of 311) saw external debt to gni improve within 24 months. View full analysis →
Frequently Asked Questions
Egypt, Arab Republic of's external debt to gni was 45.10% in 2025. Ranked 51st globally. This represents a 7.4% increase from the previous year.
Egypt, Arab Republic of's external debt to gni peaked at 132.72% in 1988.
The lowest external debt to gni in Egypt, Arab Republic of was 14.00% in 2014.
Egypt, Arab Republic of ranks 51st globally in external debt to gni as of 2025.
The World Bank indicator code is DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS. Data sourced from World Bank.
Egypt, Arab Republic of's external debt to gni is projected to reach 45.10% by 2025 based on trend extrapolation.
The external debt to gni of Egypt, Arab Republic of in 2025 was 45.10%. This ranks 51st in the world.
Cite this page
@misc{historysaid_egypt-arab-republic-of_external-debt-to-gni,
title = {Egypt, Arab Republic of External Debt to GNI},
url = {https://historysaid.com/egypt-arab-republic-of/external-debt-to-gni/},
publisher = {HistorySaid},
year = {2026}
}