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Egypt, Arab Republic of
Egypt, Arab Republic of
HistorySaid - pattern
Egypt, Arab Republic of matched the Orthodox Tightening Cycle pattern in 2024. 25 pattern matches detected historically. View →
Economy & Growth
GDP $349.3B
GDP per Capita $3,191
GDP Growth 4.27%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Value Added | 10.60% | 13.71% | 12.85% | 12.85% Trend | 13.27% Trend | 13.70% Trend | - | - | - |
| GDP | $395.9B | $389.1B | $349.3B | $349.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $399.5B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $438.7B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $485.3B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $536.0B IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $589.9B IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP Deflator | 24.80% | 33.69% | 38.48% | 38.48% Trend | 45.98% Trend | 53.48% Trend | - | - | - |
| GDP Growth | 3.76% | 2.40% | 4.27% | 4.27% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.67% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 4.93% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.11% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP PPP | $2.12T | $2.23T | $2.38T | $2.38T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.53T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.70T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $2.87T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $3.07T IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $3.30T IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita | $3,457 | $3,338 | $3,191 | $3,191 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $3,579 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $3,853 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $4,178 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $4,524 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $4,834 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | $18,525 | $19,094 | $21,759 | $21,759 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $22,691 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $23,675 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $24,750 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $25,950 IMF WEO Oct 2025 | $27,026 IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| GNI | $378.6B | $371.5B | $388.5B | $388.5B Trend | $385.0B Trend | $381.4B Trend | - | - | - |
| GNI per Capita | $3,840 | $3,510 | $4,005 | $4,005 Trend | $4,152 Trend | $4,299 Trend | - | - | - |
| Gross Savings | 14.79% | 9.26% | 5.81% | 5.81% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 6.70% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.04% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.49% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 8.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 8.91% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Industry Value Added | 32.73% | 32.56% | 32.89% | 32.89% Trend | 33.09% Trend | 33.28% Trend | - | - | - |
| Services Value Added | 51.65% | 48.93% | 49.20% | 49.20% Trend | 48.50% Trend | 47.79% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Prices & Inflation
Inflation Rate 20.42%
Consumer Price Index 661.74
PPP Conversion Factor 6.32
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Price Index | 486.34 | 623.83 | 661.74 | 661.74 Trend | 742.63 Trend | 823.51 Trend | - | - | - |
| Inflation Rate | 33.88% | 28.27% | 20.42% | 20.42% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 11.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 9.60% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 6.72% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.47% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 5.26% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 4.79 | 6.25 | 6.32 | 6.32 Trend | 6.93 Trend | 7.53 Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Population
Population 118.2M
Population Growth 1.73%
Population Density 118.4
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Rate | 21.0 | - | 20.1 | 20.1 Trend | 19.8 Trend | - | - |
| Death Rate | 5.5 | - | 5.7 | 5.7 Trend | 5.6 Trend | - | - |
| Dependency Ratio | 59.76 | 59.01 | 58.38 | 58.38 Trend | 57.70 Trend | 57.02 Trend | - |
| Fertility Rate | 2.75 | - | 2.66 | 2.66 Trend | 2.62 Trend | - | - |
| Life Expectancy | 71.6 | - | 71.3 | 71.3 Trend | 71.6 Trend | - | - |
| Net Migration | 305,006 | 123,884 | -57,305 | - | 73,264 Trend | 71,589 Trend | 69,913 Trend |
| Population | 114.5M | 116.5M | 118.2M | 118.2M Trend | 120.0M Trend | 121.8M Trend | - |
| Population Density | 115.1 | - | 118.4 | 118.4 Trend | 120.2 Trend | - | - |
| Population Growth | 1.69% | 1.73% | 1.73% | 1.73% Trend | 1.77% Trend | 1.81% Trend | - |
| Refugee Population | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Urban Population | 42.71% | 42.80% | 42.86% | 42.86% Trend | 42.93% Trend | 43.00% Trend | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Employment
Unemployment Rate 6.78%
Youth Unemployment 18.29%
Labor Force Participation 44.57%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture Employment | 18.29% | 17.98% | 17.52% | - | 17.06% Trend | 16.61% Trend | 16.16% Trend | - | - |
| Female Labor Participation | 18.48% | 18.47% | 18.46% | - | 19.93% Trend | 20.83% Trend | 21.73% Trend | - | - |
| Industry Employment | 29.20% | 29.21% | 29.36% | - | 29.73% Trend | 29.98% Trend | 30.24% Trend | - | - |
| Labor Force Participation | 44.67% | 44.60% | 44.57% | - | 45.41% Trend | 45.90% Trend | 46.39% Trend | - | - |
| Services Employment | 52.51% | 52.81% | 53.12% | - | 53.22% Trend | 53.41% Trend | 53.60% Trend | - | - |
| Unemployment Rate | 6.75% | 6.82% | 6.78% | 7.40% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.30% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.11% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 6.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 6.82% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 7.66% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment | 17.15% | 17.29% | 18.29% | - | 17.79% Trend | 17.90% Trend | 18.02% Trend | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Government
Tax Revenue 12.52%
Government Spending 30.23%
Military Spending 0.58%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget Deficit | -5.77% | -7.12% | -12.36% | -12.36% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -10.68% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -8.08% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -5.86% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.41% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.51% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Debt to GDP | 95.93% | 90.93% | 86.97% | 86.97% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 84.98% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 82.38% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 79.51% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 76.32% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 72.54% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Revenue | 16.97% | 15.82% | 16.61% | 16.61% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 17.75% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.80% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.57% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.31% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | 18.05% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Government Spending | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Health Spending | 4.88% | - | 5.05% | 5.05% Trend | 5.16% Trend | - | - | - | - |
| Military Spending | 0.81% | 0.67% | 0.58% | 0.58% Trend | 0.46% Trend | 0.33% Trend | - | - | - |
| Tax Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Debt
External Debt $173.9B
External Debt to GNI 45.10%
Short-term Debt 23.88%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Service | 30.39% | 49.23% | 43.85% | 43.85% Trend | 47.50% Trend | 51.15% Trend |
| Domestic Credit | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| External Debt | $168.2B | $156.0B | $173.9B | $173.9B Trend | $180.8B Trend | $187.7B Trend |
| External Debt to GNI | 44.42% | 41.98% | 45.10% | 45.10% Trend | 47.28% Trend | 49.46% Trend |
| Interest Payments to Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Short-term Debt | 17.53% | 19.87% | 23.88% | 23.88% Trend | 26.93% Trend | 29.97% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Money
Lending Rate 24.94%
Deposit Rate 19.48%
Real Interest Rate -10.81%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit to GDP | 29.26% | 27.57% | 29.71% | 29.71% Trend | 30.17% Trend | 30.63% Trend |
| Deposit Rate | 12.65% | 19.16% | 19.48% | 19.48% Trend | 22.28% Trend | 25.08% Trend |
| Lending Rate | 17.76% | 24.29% | 24.94% | 24.94% Trend | 28.36% Trend | 31.78% Trend |
| M2 Money Supply Growth | 19.92% | 31.08% | 30.53% | 30.53% Trend | 32.97% Trend | 35.40% Trend |
| Non-Performing Loans | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Real Interest Rate | -5.64% | -7.03% | -10.81% | -10.81% Trend | -14.19% Trend | -17.58% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Currency
Exchange Rate 47.52
Foreign Reserves $39.3B
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 30.63 | 45.30 | 47.52 | 47.52 Trend | 54.92 Trend | 62.33 Trend |
| Foreign Reserves | $33.1B | $44.9B | $39.3B | $39.3B Trend | $39.8B Trend | $40.4B Trend |
| Real Effective Exchange Rate | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Reserves in Months of Imports | 3.9 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 Trend | 3.3 Trend | 3.1 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Trade
Exports $79.0B
Imports $102.5B
Trade Balance $-17.5B
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance | -3.17% | -5.72% | -5.11% | -5.11% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.32% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.35% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -4.19% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.87% IMF WEO Oct 2025 | -3.79% IMF WEO Oct 2025 |
| Exports | $68.2B | $64.4B | $79.0B | $79.0B Trend | $84.8B Trend | $90.7B Trend | - | - | - |
| FDI Inflows | 2.49% | 11.97% | 10.57% | 10.57% Trend | 12.79% Trend | 15.00% Trend | - | - | - |
| FDI Outflows | 0.10% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% Trend | 0.14% Trend | 0.15% Trend | - | - | - |
| Imports | $82.3B | $100.4B | $102.5B | $102.5B Trend | $106.9B Trend | $111.3B Trend | - | - | - |
| Remittances Received | $19.5B | $29.6B | $24.1B | $24.1B Trend | $22.9B Trend | $21.7B Trend | - | - | - |
| Tourism Receipts | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trade Balance | $-8.9B | $-26.6B | $-17.5B | $-17.5B Trend | $-14.5B Trend | $-11.5B Trend | - | - | - |
| Trade Openness | 40.45% | 39.60% | 43.47% | 43.47% Trend | 46.02% Trend | 48.57% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Financial Markets
Market Capitalization 11.95%
Stock Turnover Ratio 41.91%
Listed Companies 245
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate Spread | 5.11% | 5.13% | 5.46% | 5.46% Trend | 6.08% Trend | 6.69% Trend |
| Listed Companies | 241 | 246 | 245 | 245 Trend | 246 Trend | 247 Trend |
| Market Capitalization | 14.03% | 10.95% | 11.95% | 11.95% Trend | 12.24% Trend | 12.53% Trend |
| Stock Turnover Ratio | 35.74% | 47.65% | 41.91% | 41.91% Trend | 42.93% Trend | 43.95% Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Political Stability
Political Stability -0.75
Government Effectiveness -0.36
Regulatory Quality -0.63
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.68 | -0.75 | -0.74 | -0.74 Trend | -0.75 Trend |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.45 | -0.24 | -0.36 | -0.36 Trend | -0.36 Trend |
| Political Stability | -0.98 | -0.87 | -0.75 | -0.75 Trend | -0.68 Trend |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.71 | -0.67 | -0.63 | -0.63 Trend | -0.62 Trend |
| Rule of Law | -0.27 | -0.18 | -0.13 | -0.13 Trend | -0.10 Trend |
| Voice and Accountability | -1.45 | -1.38 | -1.39 | -1.39 Trend | -1.37 Trend |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Health
Health Expenditure per Capita $165
Infant Mortality Rate 15.0
Maternal Mortality Ratio 22.20
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Expenditure per Capita | $172 | $141 | $165 | $165 Trend | $167 Trend |
| Hospital Beds | - | - | - | - | - |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 16.7 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 15.0 Trend | 14.4 Trend |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio | 24.00 | 17.00 | 22.20 | 22.20 Trend | 21.10 Trend |
| Physicians | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Education
Literacy Rate 82.29%
Tertiary Enrollment 38.04%
Education Spending 3.76%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Literacy Rate | - | - | 82.29% | 82.29% Trend | - | - | - |
| Primary Completion Rate | 93.84% | 98.21% | 98.66% | 98.66% Trend | 100.24% Trend | 101.81% Trend | - |
| Primary Enrollment | 95.92% | 96.71% | 95.27% | 95.27% Trend | 95.38% Trend | 95.48% Trend | - |
| Secondary Enrollment | 84.47% | 84.83% | 86.87% | 86.87% Trend | 88.29% Trend | 89.71% Trend | - |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 37.90% | 37.58% | 38.04% | - | 39.11% Trend | 39.80% Trend | 40.50% Trend |
| Youth Literacy Rate | - | - | 96.21% | 96.21% Trend | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Energy
Renewable Energy 6.10%
▾
| Indicator | 2022 | 2023 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Emissions | - | - | - | - | - |
| CO2 per Capita | - | - | - | - | - |
| Electricity Access | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% Trend | 100.00% Trend |
| Energy Use per Capita | 902 | 928 | 974 | 974 Trend | 1,000 Trend |
| Forest Area | 0.05% | 0.05% | 0.05% | 0.05% Trend | 0.05% Trend |
| Renewable Energy | - | - | - | - | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Technology
Internet Users 81.67%
Mobile Subscriptions 93.42
R&D Spending 1.17%
▾
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-tech Exports | 3.16% | 3.81% | 3.97% | 3.97% Trend | 4.22% Trend | 4.47% Trend |
| Internet Users | 72.69% | - | 81.67% | 81.67% Trend | 84.78% Trend | - |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 92.83 | - | 93.42 | 93.42 Trend | 94.60 Trend | - |
| Patent Applications | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| R&D Spending | 1.03% | - | 1.17% | 1.17% Trend | 1.22% Trend | - |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Inequality
Gini Index 28.5
Poverty Rate 1.40%
Income Share Top 10% 24.60%
▾
| Indicator | 2017 | 2019 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 31.5 | 31.9 | 28.5 |
| Income Share Bottom 10% | 3.80% | 3.80% | 4.20% |
| Income Share Top 10% | 26.90% | 27.50% | 24.60% |
| Poverty Rate | 3.10% | 2.00% | 1.40% |
Italic values are IMF World Economic Outlook projections.
Data & analysis
Real GDP growth (%)
| 2023 | 3.76 |
| 2024 | 2.40 |
| 2025 | 3.76 |
| 2026 | 4.29 |
| 2027 | 4.79 |
| 2028 | 5.08 |
| 2029 | 5.27 |
| 2030 | 5.48 |
CPI inflation (%)
| 2023 | 24.39 |
| 2024 | 33.30 |
| 2025 | 19.65 |
| 2026 | 12.47 |
| 2027 | 9.99 |
| 2028 | 6.66 |
| 2029 | 5.34 |
| 2030 | 5.18 |
Unemployment rate (%)
| 2023 | 7.19 |
| 2024 | 7.38 |
| 2025 | 7.67 |
| 2026 | 7.68 |
| 2027 | 7.43 |
| 2028 | 7.02 |
| 2029 | 6.97 |
| 2030 | 7.71 |
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook via DBnomics
Egypt’s macroeconomic trajectory from 2023 to 2030, as projected by the IMF, depicts a gradual recovery from a severe inflationary crisis. Real GDP growth contracted sharply from 3.76 percent in 2023 to 2.40 percent in 2024, before steadily climbing to 5.48 percent by 2030. This slowdown coincided with a spike in CPI inflation, which peaked at 33.30 percent in 2024, the highest annual rate in the series. The unemployment rate remained relatively stable, hovering near 7.4 percent, suggesting the labor market absorbed the inflation shock without major disruption. Egypt’s historical ranking for the highest Inflation Rate in 1962 underscores a recurring vulnerability to price instability. The data points to a stabilization phase beginning in 2025, as inflation is projected to fall to 19.65 percent and GDP growth to return to 3.76 percent. Sustained disinflation and structural reforms to diversify the economy would be necessary to lock in the projected growth acceleration and reduce the risk of another inflationary spike.